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Medical Education in Great BritainA

Medical Education in Great Britain
A delegation of English doctors visited the Pavlov St. Petersburg Medical University. They were shown the clinics and laboratories of the University. At the end of their visit the Rector of the University invited the guests to the Conference Hall where they had a meeting with the teaching staff and students. Dr. Glenn Stanton was asked to speak about medical education in Great Britain. This is what Dr. G. Stanton said:
«Dear colleagues. In Great Britain physicians are trained in either medical schools or faculties of Universities. We have medical schools in the Universities of London, Oxford, Birmingham, Bristol and Edinburgh. There are faculties of medicine in the Universities of Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Aberdeen. And there is the School of Clinical Medicine in the University of Cambridge. Entry to a medical school is highly competitive and usually the number of candidates is much higher than the number of the places.
To enter a medical school in Great Britain candidates must pass entrance examinations. Entrance examinations are both oral and written. Students take these examinations at the end of their 6-year secondary-school course, generally at the age of 18-19 years. For entrance to a faculty of medicine or a medical school, it is required that the subjects of chemistry, physics and biology or mathematics should be taken at the advanced level. Tuition fees are charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants, which cover their expenses wholly or in part.

Now about the academic year. It is divided into 3 terms, each of 10-11 weeks' duration. The terms run from October to December, from January to March and from April to June. Clinical students, however, attend for 48 weeks of the year. I must tell you that undergraduate education occupies five years, consisting essentially of two years of basic sciences and three years of clinical work.
Two pre-clinical years are occupied by human anatomy and biology, physiology and biochemistry. They also study physiology, statistics and genetics. Students attend lectures, do dissections and practical work in labs. Unlike in your country Latin is not taught in all medical schools.
English and Latin spellings are similar and it is possible to write out prescriptions in English too.
Beginning with the third year the students study the methods of clinical examinations and history taking, general pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and community medicine. Senior students and especially undergraduates spend most of their time in teaching hospitals, which have both in-patient and out-patient departments, or units. Daily bedside instruction in hospital wards and out-patient departments is given by teachers and doctors. Students follow up their patients and attend ward rounds. Besides the work in the wards the students attend demonstrations and clinical conferences as well as lectures in clinical subjects which are being studied.
And now about the examinations. As in your country examinations in our medical schools are held at the end of each term. In our case it is three times a year. At the end of each term and after each special course students take final exams. They are called sessionals. Most of the exams are written. They include academic and practical problems. The final examinations or finals are in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pathology. Finals also include history taking and diagnosing. Before finals in Surgery students assist in operations. Before finals in Obstetrics and Gynaecology they must assist during the delivery of at least 20 babies. These examinations are both written and oral. Written test includes short and long questions and questions of multiple choice. Oral tests include diagnosing a case. So three years are spent in clinical studies to obtain. degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (MB) and Bachelor of Surgery (BS). The degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery give the right to register as a medical practitioner

After the finals graduates work in hospitals for a year. This period is called internship. The newly qualified doctor must serve for six months as a house physician and six months as a house surgeon under the supervision of his medical school. House physicians and surgeons are on call every second or third night. The work of interns is very difficult and their salary is very small. After internship a young doctor obtains a «Certificate of Experience» from the medical school and he or she may work as a medical practitioner.
Further specialization requires training in residency. It takes one or two years of work in a hospital in some field. Residency trains highly qualified specialists in a definite field: gynaecologists, urologists, neurologists and others. The salary of residents is higher than the salary of interns. After residency a specialist gets rather a high salary.
Besides the degrees of MB and BS, we have the degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD). This degree is a postgraduate qualification ob-
tained by writing a thesis based on original work. It is not required for practice. Such a degree in surgery is termed a mastership (MS)»
Dr. Glenn Stanton answered the questions of the teachers and students. Then the Rector thanked Dr. Stanton for his interesting talk and invited the British delegation to the performance of the students' amateur theatre.

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Medical Education in Great BritainA delegation of English doctors visited the Pavlov St. Petersburg Medical University. They were shown the clinics and laboratories of the University. At the end of their visit the Rector of the University invited the guests to the Conference Hall where they had a meeting with the teaching staff and students. Dr. Glenn Stanton was asked to speak about medical education in Great Britain. This is what Dr. G. Stanton said:«Dear colleagues. In Great Britain physicians are trained in either medical schools or faculties of Universities. We have medical schools in the Universities of London, Oxford, Birmingham, Bristol and Edinburgh. There are faculties of medicine in the Universities of Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Aberdeen. And there is the School of Clinical Medicine in the University of Cambridge. Entry to a medical school is highly competitive and usually the number of candidates is much higher than the number of the places.To enter a medical school in Great Britain candidates must pass entrance examinations. Entrance examinations are both oral and written. Students take these examinations at the end of their 6-year secondary-school course, generally at the age of 18-19 years. For entrance to a faculty of medicine or a medical school, it is required that the subjects of chemistry, physics and biology or mathematics should be taken at the advanced level. Tuition fees are charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants, which cover their expenses wholly or in part.Now about the academic year. It is divided into 3 terms, each of 10-11 weeks' duration. The terms run from October to December, from January to March and from April to June. Clinical students, however, attend for 48 weeks of the year. I must tell you that undergraduate education occupies five years, consisting essentially of two years of basic sciences and three years of clinical work.Two pre-clinical years are occupied by human anatomy and biology, physiology and biochemistry. They also study physiology, statistics and genetics. Students attend lectures, do dissections and practical work in labs. Unlike in your country Latin is not taught in all medical schools.English and Latin spellings are similar and it is possible to write out prescriptions in English too.Beginning with the third year the students study the methods of clinical examinations and history taking, general pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and community medicine. Senior students and especially undergraduates spend most of their time in teaching hospitals, which have both in-patient and out-patient departments, or units. Daily bedside instruction in hospital wards and out-patient departments is given by teachers and doctors. Students follow up their patients and attend ward rounds. Besides the work in the wards the students attend demonstrations and clinical conferences as well as lectures in clinical subjects which are being studied.And now about the examinations. As in your country examinations in our medical schools are held at the end of each term. In our case it is three times a year. At the end of each term and after each special course students take final exams. They are called sessionals. Most of the exams are written. They include academic and practical problems. The final examinations or finals are in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pathology. Finals also include history taking and diagnosing. Before finals in Surgery students assist in operations. Before finals in Obstetrics and Gynaecology they must assist during the delivery of at least 20 babies. These examinations are both written and oral. Written test includes short and long questions and questions of multiple choice. Oral tests include diagnosing a case. So three years are spent in clinical studies to obtain. degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (MB) and Bachelor of Surgery (BS). The degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery give the right to register as a medical practitionerAfter the finals graduates work in hospitals for a year. This period is called internship. The newly qualified doctor must serve for six months as a house physician and six months as a house surgeon under the supervision of his medical school. House physicians and surgeons are on call every second or third night. The work of interns is very difficult and their salary is very small. After internship a young doctor obtains a «Certificate of Experience» from the medical school and he or she may work as a medical practitioner.Further specialization requires training in residency. It takes one or two years of work in a hospital in some field. Residency trains highly qualified specialists in a definite field: gynaecologists, urologists, neurologists and others. The salary of residents is higher than the salary of interns. After residency a specialist gets rather a high salary.Besides the degrees of MB and BS, we have the degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD). This degree is a postgraduate qualification ob-tained by writing a thesis based on original work. It is not required for practice. Such a degree in surgery is termed a mastership (MS)»Dr. Glenn Stanton answered the questions of the teachers and students. Then the Rector thanked Dr. Stanton for his interesting talk and invited the British delegation to the performance of the students' amateur theatre.
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медицинское образование в великобританииделегация английского врачи посетили павлов санкт - петербургского медицинского университета.они были показаны клиники и в лабораториях университета.по окончании визита ректор университета приглашает гостей в зале, где они провели встречу с преподавателями и студентами.доктор глен стэнтон попросили высказаться по поводу медицинского образования в великобритании.это то, что доктор г. стэнтон сказал:« уважаемые коллеги.в великобритании врачи проходят либо в медицинских школах или факультетами университетов.у нас есть медицинской школы в университеты лондона, оксфорд, бирмингем, бристоль и эдинбурге.есть медицинских факультетах в университетах в ливерпуле, манчестере, глазго, абердина.и существует школа клинической медицины в кембриджском университете.запись в медицинской школе проводится на конкурсной основе и, как правило, число кандидатов, намного превышает число мест.вступить в медицинской школе в великобритании, кандидаты должны сдать вступительные экзамены.вступительные экзамены - устно и письменно.студенты этих экзаменов по окончании средней школы шестилетний курс, в основном в возрасте 18 - 19 лет.для входа на факультет медицины и медицинской школы, необходимо, чтобы вопросы, химии, физики и биологии и математике, должно быть принято на продвинутом уровне.плата за обучение взимается.большинство студентов получают финансовую помощь в форме субсидий, которые покрывают свои расходы полностью или частично.теперь об учебном году.она делится на три круга, каждый из 10 недель.кругом беги с октября по декабрь, в период с января по март и апрель - июнь.клинические студентов, однако присутствовать на 48 недель в году.я должен вам сказать, что высшего образования занимает пять лет, состоящие в основном из двух лет фундаментальных наук и три года клинической работе.два доклинические лет заняты в анатомии и биологии, физиологии и биохимии.они также исследования физиологии, статистики и генетики.студенты посещают лекции, у dissections и практической работы в лаборатории.в отличие от в вашей стране латинской не преподается во всех медицинских школ.английский и латинской орфографии, аналогичны, и можно выписать рецепты на английском языке.начиная с третьего года учащиеся изучают методы клинических исследований и истории с, патологический процесс, микробиологии, фармакологии и медицины.учащиеся старших классов и особенно студентов проводят большую часть своего времени в учебных заведениях, которые имеют как стационарных, так и в поликлиниках, или подразделения.ежедневно с инструкцией в стационарах и поликлиниках со стороны учителей и врачей.студенты последующая деятельность своих пациентов и посещают больницы вместе.помимо работы в палатах студентов участие в демонстрациях и медицинских конференциях, а также на лекции в клинической предметов, которые изучаются.и теперь по поводу экзаменов.как в вашей стране экзамены в нашей медицинской школы в конце каждого термина.в нашем случае это три раза в год.в конце каждого термина, и после каждого специального курса студенты выпускных экзаменов.они называются курсы.большая часть экзаменов.они включают в себя научные и практические проблемы.выпускные экзамены или экзамены в терапии, хирургии, акушерства и гинекологии и патологии.в финал также включают в себя историю болезни, и диагноз.до финала в хирургии студентов участие в операциях по поддержанию мира.до финала в области акушерства и гинекологии, они должны помочь в доставке, по крайней мере, 20 детей.эти экзамены в письменной и устной форме.письменного теста включает в себя короткие и длинные вопросов и вопросов multiple choice.устные тесты включают диагностики дело.так, три года провел в клинических исследованиях в целях получения.степень бакалавр медицины (мб) и бакалавр хирургии (ноп).степень бакалавр медицины и бакалавр операции дают право на регистрацию в качестве врачапосле финала выпускников, работа в больницах на год.этот период называется стажировки.недавно квалифицированный врач должен служить на шесть месяцев, как дом врача и шесть месяцев, как дом хирург под надзором его в медицинскую школу.дом врачей и хирургов работают по вызову каждый второй или третий вечер.работа стажеров очень трудно, и их зарплата очень маленькая.после стажировки молодой врач получает « свидетельство опыта "из медицинской школы и он или она может работать в качестве практикующего врача.дальнейшей специализации требует обучения в ординатуре.он принимает один или два года работы в больнице, в некоторых местах.вид поездов высококвалифицированных специалистов в определенной области: гинекологи, урологи, неврологи и другие.зарплата жителей выше, чем зарплата интернов.после того, как вид специалист получает довольно высокая зарплата.помимо степени мб и BS, у нас есть степень доктора меди
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