In addition to being a means of exchange, money is also a means of mea перевод - In addition to being a means of exchange, money is also a means of mea русский как сказать

In addition to being a means of exc

In addition to being a means of exchange, money is also a means of measuring the value of men's labour. Labour, in economic theory, is any work undertaken in return for a fixed payment. A mother may work very hard in caring for her children, but she receives no fixed wages for this work. It is not therefore labour in the strict economic sense.

Economists are interested in measuring the services which people render to each other. Although aware of the services which people render to each other. Although aware of the services which people provide for nothing, they are not concerned with such services. In economics, money is the standard by which the value of things judged.

This in an objective, scientific Standard and not in any way related to standards of a religious, ethical or subjective nature. Human labour produces both goods and services. The activities of a farm worker and a nurse are very different, but each is measurable in terms of payment received.

If however a farmer is self-employed and does not receive a fixed wage from anyone else, he is in a different category from the nurse and from his own farm workers. His activities are not wholly labour.

His workers receive their wages but he receives whatever surplus (largo or small) emerges from his farming surplus, like any surplus in industry or commerce, is what usually call 'profit'. Employers obtain their net profits only after they have paid all expenses arising out of their business activities; interest, rentals, payments for machinery, wages and overheads generally.

The surplus is not usually available only for employers and their families. Normally part of it goes to those who have provided the initial capital needed start a business. There is always an element of risk in providing capital for new businesses. Such businesses may fail.

Both those who provide the capital and those who run the businesses agree to bear the risk, but employees of such businesses agree to bear the risk, but employees of such businesses are not expected to bear any risk If the business is successful, the risk- taking has been justified, and invested capital earns part of the profits as a return on the investment and the period during which the capital was at risk.

Capital in this instance is simply the accumulation of previous surpluses on previous business activities. In this way the past is used to finance the future. The accumulation of capital is almost always deliberate, either on the part of individual citizens or on the part of the state.

Even in non-capitalistic societies a certain port of the surplus achieved in any enterprise is ploughed back into the system in order to promote further growth. When capital, labour and enterprise combine to make a new business successful, the business must still continue to compete on the market with other companies producing the same type of commodity.

The term 'market' as used by economists, is a logical extension from the idea of a place set aside for buying and selling. Formerly, part of a town was kept as a marketplace, and country people would come in on market-days to buy and sell.

Markets today need not however be located in any fixed place: the sugar market and the cotton market are not geographical locations, but simply set of condit ions which permit buyers and sellers to work together. In a free market, competition takes place among sellers in order to sell their commodit ies at the best possible price and among buyers in order to obtain what they want at a price which suits them.

Such competition influences prices. Changes in supply and demand their effects and it is not surprising that considerable price can take place over periods of weeks and months. Since these modern markets are normally located in any special place, buyers and sellers do not a lways have to meet face to face .

They may communicate by letter, by cable, by telephone or through their agents. In a perfect market, such Communications are easy buyers and sellers are numerous, and competition is completely unimpeded. In a perfect market there can be only one price for any given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept.

There are however, no really perfect markets, because each market is subject to its own peculiar conditions. It can be said however that the price ruling in a market indicates the point where supply and demand meet. Monopoly is one of the peculiar factors which can affect the sale and purchase of certain commodities.

In some markets, there may be only one seller or a cartel of sellers working very closely together to control prices. The result of such monopolistic activity is to fix prices at a level suitable to the seller, a level which may bring him artificially high profits.

Many governments dislike this procedure and have taken legal action to restrict or halt any business activities directed towards 'cornering the market'. In the US, anti-trust laws operate to limit cartels and mergers, while in Britain the Monopolies Commission examines all special arrangements and mergers referred to them by the Board of Trade which appear to operate against the public interest.

This type of monopoly is not the only possibility, however. There are three other forms: state, legal and natural. State monopolies are quite common nowadays, where the authorities in a particular country control industries like steel and transport or important and prestigious services like national airlines. Legal monopolies are rather different because the law permits certain individuals to benefit solely from their special inventions, discoveries or processes.

No other person may infringe their rights in respect to such monopolies. Finally, natural monopoly arises where a nation or individual possesses most of a particular mineral for reasons of geography and geology. Canadian nickel and South African gold are two well-known examples of this kind of monopoly.

0/5000
Источник: -
Цель: -
Результаты (русский) 1: [копия]
Скопировано!
In addition to being a means of exchange, money is also a means of measuring the value of men's labour. Labour, in economic theory, is any work undertaken in return for a fixed payment. A mother may work very hard in caring for her children, but she receives no fixed wages for this work. It is not therefore labour in the strict economic sense.Economists are interested in measuring the services which people render to each other. Although aware of the services which people render to each other. Although aware of the services which people provide for nothing, they are not concerned with such services. In economics, money is the standard by which the value of things judged.This in an objective, scientific Standard and not in any way related to standards of a religious, ethical or subjective nature. Human labour produces both goods and services. The activities of a farm worker and a nurse are very different, but each is measurable in terms of payment received.If however a farmer is self-employed and does not receive a fixed wage from anyone else, he is in a different category from the nurse and from his own farm workers. His activities are not wholly labour.His workers receive their wages but he receives whatever surplus (largo or small) emerges from his farming surplus, like any surplus in industry or commerce, is what usually call 'profit'. Employers obtain their net profits only after they have paid all expenses arising out of their business activities; interest, rentals, payments for machinery, wages and overheads generally.The surplus is not usually available only for employers and their families. Normally part of it goes to those who have provided the initial capital needed start a business. There is always an element of risk in providing capital for new businesses. Such businesses may fail.Both those who provide the capital and those who run the businesses agree to bear the risk, but employees of such businesses agree to bear the risk, but employees of such businesses are not expected to bear any risk If the business is successful, the risk- taking has been justified, and invested capital earns part of the profits as a return on the investment and the period during which the capital was at risk.Capital in this instance is simply the accumulation of previous surpluses on previous business activities. In this way the past is used to finance the future. The accumulation of capital is almost always deliberate, either on the part of individual citizens or on the part of the state.Even in non-capitalistic societies a certain port of the surplus achieved in any enterprise is ploughed back into the system in order to promote further growth. When capital, labour and enterprise combine to make a new business successful, the business must still continue to compete on the market with other companies producing the same type of commodity.The term 'market' as used by economists, is a logical extension from the idea of a place set aside for buying and selling. Formerly, part of a town was kept as a marketplace, and country people would come in on market-days to buy and sell.Markets today need not however be located in any fixed place: the sugar market and the cotton market are not geographical locations, but simply set of condit ions which permit buyers and sellers to work together. In a free market, competition takes place among sellers in order to sell their commodit ies at the best possible price and among buyers in order to obtain what they want at a price which suits them.Such competition influences prices. Changes in supply and demand their effects and it is not surprising that considerable price can take place over periods of weeks and months. Since these modern markets are normally located in any special place, buyers and sellers do not a lways have to meet face to face .They may communicate by letter, by cable, by telephone or through their agents. In a perfect market, such Communications are easy buyers and sellers are numerous, and competition is completely unimpeded. In a perfect market there can be only one price for any given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept.There are however, no really perfect markets, because each market is subject to its own peculiar conditions. It can be said however that the price ruling in a market indicates the point where supply and demand meet. Monopoly is one of the peculiar factors which can affect the sale and purchase of certain commodities.In some markets, there may be only one seller or a cartel of sellers working very closely together to control prices. The result of such monopolistic activity is to fix prices at a level suitable to the seller, a level which may bring him artificially high profits.
Many governments dislike this procedure and have taken legal action to restrict or halt any business activities directed towards 'cornering the market'. In the US, anti-trust laws operate to limit cartels and mergers, while in Britain the Monopolies Commission examines all special arrangements and mergers referred to them by the Board of Trade which appear to operate against the public interest.

This type of monopoly is not the only possibility, however. There are three other forms: state, legal and natural. State monopolies are quite common nowadays, where the authorities in a particular country control industries like steel and transport or important and prestigious services like national airlines. Legal monopolies are rather different because the law permits certain individuals to benefit solely from their special inventions, discoveries or processes.

No other person may infringe their rights in respect to such monopolies. Finally, natural monopoly arises where a nation or individual possesses most of a particular mineral for reasons of geography and geology. Canadian nickel and South African gold are two well-known examples of this kind of monopoly.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..
Результаты (русский) 3:[копия]
Скопировано!
помимо того, что средства обмена, деньги также является средством оценки стоимости мужской труд.труда, в экономической теории, любую работу, проведенную в обмен на фиксированную сумму.мать может работать очень тяжело, в уходе за своими детьми, но она не получает фиксированную заработную плату за эту работу.поэтому это не трудом в строгом экономического смысла.экономисты заинтересованы в оценке услуг, которые люди делают друг другу.хотя известно о услуг, которые люди делают друг другу.хотя известно о услуг, которые люди обеспечивают ничего, они не касаются таких услуг.в экономике, что деньги являются мерилом, по которому стоимость вещи судить.это объективно, уровень научной и никоим образом не связаны с уровня религиозных, этических и субъективного характера.человеческий труд производит товаров и услуг.деятельность сельскохозяйственный работник и медсестра очень разные, но каждая поддаются измерению, с точки зрения платежа.однако если фермер занимается индивидуальной трудовой деятельностью, и не получают фиксированную зарплату от кого - то другого, он находится в другой категории с медсестрой и от его собственных сельскохозяйственных работников.его деятельность не полностью труда.его работники получают заработную плату, но он получает все, что сальдо (ларго или малых) вытекает из его сельскохозяйственных излишков, как и любой избыток, в промышленности и торговле, - это то, что обычно называют "прибыль".работодатели получают чистую прибыль только после того, как они выплатили все расходы, связанные с их коммерческой деятельности; интерес, аренда, платежи для машин, заработной платы и накладных расходов в целом.излишки, как правило, не только для работодателей и их семей.обычно часть идет на тех, кто представил первоначальный капитал, необходимо начать бизнес.всегда есть элемент риска в мобилизации капитала для новых предприятий.такие предприятия могут обанкротиться.как те, кто предоставляет капитал и тех, кто управляет бизнесом соглашаетесь нести риск, но сотрудники этих предприятий соглашаетесь нести риск, но работники таких предприятий, как ожидается, не несут никакой опасности, если бизнес будет успешным, риск - с был оправдан, и инвестированного капитала получает часть прибыли, как возврат на инвестиции и период, в течение которого столица находится в опасности.капитал в данном случае просто накопление предыдущих профицита на предыдущих предпринимательской деятельности.таким образом, последние используются для финансирования будущего.накопление капитала почти всегда является преднамеренным, либо со стороны отдельных граждан или со стороны государства.даже и не в капиталистическом общества определенный порт из прибыли, полученной в любом предприятии реинвестировать в систему в целях дальнейшего роста.когда капитала, рабочей силы и предприятия комбината к новой бизнес - успеха, бизнес должен по - прежнему конкурировать на рынке с других предприятий, производящих такой же товар.термин "рынка", используемых экономистами, является логическим продолжением от идеи место зарезервировано для покупки и продажи.ранее часть города находится в рынке, и люди придут в стране на рынке дней покупать и продавать.рынки сегодня не нужно, однако находиться в определенного места: рынок сахара и хлопка, рынок не географических точках, а просто набор кондит ионы, которые позволяют покупателям и продавцам работать вместе.в свободный рынок, конкуренция происходит между продавцы, чтобы продать их commodit кэс в максимально возможной цены и среди покупателей, чтобы получить то, чего они хотят, по цене, которая им подходит.такой конкуренции влияет на цены.изменения в области предложения и спроса, их последствий и не удивительно, что значительные цены может состояться в течение недели и месяцы.после этих современных рынков, как правило, расположенных в особое место, покупатели и продавцы не lways встретиться лицом к лицу.они могут направить письмо, кабель, по телефону или через своих агентов.в идеальном рынке, такие сообщения легко покупателей и продавцов, многочисленны, и конкуренция совершенно беспрепятственно.в идеальном рынке не может быть только один цены на любой товар: низкая цена, которую продавцы будут принимать.есть, однако, нет, правда, совершенных рынков, поскольку каждый рынок под его собственных особых условий.можно сказать, однако, что цена правящей в рынок показывает точку, где спросом и предложением встретиться.монополия является одним из факторов, которые могут повлиять на своеобразные продажи и покупки определенных товаров.на некоторых рынках, здесь может быть только один продавец или картеля продавцов очень тесно работать вместе, чтобы контролировать цены.результатом такой монополистической деятельности заключается в том, чтобы зафиксировать цены на уровне, подходящих для продавца, уровня, который может принести ему искусственно высокие прибыли.многие правительства не нравится эта процедура и были приняты законодательные меры, направленные на ограничение или прекращение любой предпринимательской деятельности, направленной на "монополизировать рынок".в сша антитрестовские законы ограничивают картелей и слияния, в то время как в брит
переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..
 
Другие языки
Поддержка инструмент перевода: Клингонский (pIqaD), Определить язык, азербайджанский, албанский, амхарский, английский, арабский, армянский, африкаанс, баскский, белорусский, бенгальский, бирманский, болгарский, боснийский, валлийский, венгерский, вьетнамский, гавайский, галисийский, греческий, грузинский, гуджарати, датский, зулу, иврит, игбо, идиш, индонезийский, ирландский, исландский, испанский, итальянский, йоруба, казахский, каннада, каталанский, киргизский, китайский, китайский традиционный, корейский, корсиканский, креольский (Гаити), курманджи, кхмерский, кхоса, лаосский, латинский, латышский, литовский, люксембургский, македонский, малагасийский, малайский, малаялам, мальтийский, маори, маратхи, монгольский, немецкий, непальский, нидерландский, норвежский, ория, панджаби, персидский, польский, португальский, пушту, руанда, румынский, русский, самоанский, себуанский, сербский, сесото, сингальский, синдхи, словацкий, словенский, сомалийский, суахили, суданский, таджикский, тайский, тамильский, татарский, телугу, турецкий, туркменский, узбекский, уйгурский, украинский, урду, филиппинский, финский, французский, фризский, хауса, хинди, хмонг, хорватский, чева, чешский, шведский, шона, шотландский (гэльский), эсперанто, эстонский, яванский, японский, Язык перевода.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: