Text АThe Circulatory (Cardiovascul

Text А

The Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

The cardiovascular system is the system of blood circulation. By the cardiovascular system we mean the heart, the arteries, the veins and the capillaries of the human body.

The centre of the circulatory astern is the heart. The human heart is a cone-shaped organ, about 5 fnches1 long and 3 1/2 inches broad. It weighs aboutg in the adult male, 6 ounces in the female. It lies in the thoraiic'caity, just behind the breastbone and between the lungs. The heart is a hritlovv muscle which four chamber. The right heart consists of an tipper'chamber, the atribm or the'auricle and a

Jover chambere ventricle. Between these two chambers is a one-way lalve, the tricuspidvklve. The left heart has two chambers, but the valve that separates its chambers we call the mitral valve. Although the heart is a unit, anatomically and functionally, we may think of it as of two pumps - the «right heart» and the «left heart». The right heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it into the lungs by way of the lesser circulatory system. In the lungs the blood receives oxygen. Then it moves into the left heart. From the left heart the well-oxygenated blood moves into a large artery, the aorta. The blood returns to the heart by means of the veins. The walls of the capillaries are so thin that the dissolved nourishment that has come from the digestive system and the oxygen that has come from the lungs can pass through them into the tissues of the body and so nourish it. The capillaries form a close network all over the body. They gradually join together and get larger, and become veins.Blood vessels that receive blood from the ventricle and lead it away from the heart and towards other organs are arteries («air duct» — Greek). The vessels received this name because the early anatomists assumed that they had been empty in dead persons and had carried air.The artery that takes up theblood from the right ventricle and carries it to the lungs is the («lungs» — Latin). The pulmonary artery divides in two - one branch leads to the right lung, the other — to the left. The arteries continue to divide and subdivide and form smaller and smaller vessels with thinner and thinner walls. The smallest arteries are the arterioles and these finally divide into capillaries («hairlike» — Lat­in). We name them so because of their fineness, though actually they are much finer than hairs.

Gradually the capillaries begin to join into larger vessels. Such larger blood vessels that carry blood to the heart from the organs are the veins. The smallest of these are the venules.

The particular vein into which the capillaries and venules of the lungs finally unite is the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries the freshly oxygenated blood to the left auricle. The pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein make up the pulmonary circulation.

The contraction of the left ventricle forces the blood through a one-way valve into the aorta («to lift up» — Greek). Thp aojjta is the largest artery in the body. It movfes upward at first (the ascending orta), but then arches over dorsally (the arch of the aorta). In its downward course, the aorta passes through the diaphragm.

The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when escapes, from a blood vessel. It consists of a colourless fluid, plasma or and many millions of minute bodies, the corpuscles.

Результаты (узбекский) 1:

Matn А

The Qon (tomir) tizimi

yurak-qon tomir tizimi, qon aylanishi tizimi. Yurak-qon tomir tizimi tomonidan biz, yurak, tomir, tomirlar va inson tanasining mayda degani.

Qon aylanish orqada markazi yurak emas. Inson yurak taxminan 5 fnches1 uzoq va 3 1/2 dyuym keng, bir konussimon organ hisoblanadi. Bu kattalar erkak, ayol 6 ons aboutg og'irligi. Bu faqat ko'krak orqasida va o'pka o'rtasida, thoraiic'caity yotadi. Yurak bir hritlovv mushak to'rt kamerali bo'ladi. O'ng yurak bir tipper'chamber, atribm yoki the'auricle va A iborat

Jover qorincha chambere. Bu ikki palatalari o'rtasida bir tomonlama lalve, tricuspidvklve hisoblanadi. chapga yurak ikki palatadan bor, lekin uning kameralari ajratib valve biz Mitral qo'ng'iroq. «O'ng yurak» va «chapga yurak» - yurak anatomik va chiqa olmaydi, bir birlik bo'lsa-da, biz ikki nasoslarni, deb o'ylashingiz mumkin. o'ng yurak tomirlarida qon qabul qiladi va kam qon aylanish tizimi yo'li bilan o'pkada uni haydaydi. o'pka qon kislorod qabul qiladi. Keyin u chapga qalbiga harakat. Chap yurakdan yaxshi kislorodli qon katta arteriya, aorta ichiga harakat. qon tomirlarida orqali yurakka qaytib. kapillyarlar devorlari o'pka kelganligini Ovqat hazm qilish tizimi kelganligini erigan oziq va kislorod tana to'qimalariga ulardan o'tib mumkin, shunday qilib nozik va shuning uchun uni oziqlantirib. Mayda qismlari butun vujudi bir yaqin tarmog'i tashkil etadi. Ular asta-sekin birlashadi va kattaroq olish va bo'lib qorincha qonni qabul veins.Blood tomirlari va yurak uzoq va boshqa organlar ( «havo yo'l» - yunoncha) arteriyalarga bo'lgan tomon yo'l. erta anatomistler ular (- Lotin «o'pka») bo'lgan o'lik odam bo'sh edi va o'ng qorincha theblood egallaydi va o'pka, uni oshiradi air.The arteriya oshirilgan edi, deb taxmin chunki idishlar, bu nom oldi. o'pka arteriya ikki satrdan satrga - chap - Bir bo'lim o'ng o'pka, boshqa sabab bo'ladi. arteriyalari ajratish va bo'lmoq va yupqaroq va yupqaroq devorlar bilan kichik va kichik kemalar shakllantirish davom etmoqda. eng kichik arteriyalari arteriyollerinin va bu nihoyat kapillyarlar kirib ( «barmog'i ostida soch tolalariga» - lotincha) ajratish. Chunki ularning xushfe'lligi, shuning uchun aslida ular patlarni ancha nozik bo'lgan-da, biz, ularni nom.

Asta-sekin, mayda qismlari katta idishlarga solishibdi qo'shilish boshlaydi. Organlardan yurakka qon olib, bunday katta qon tomirlari tomirlar bor. Ulardan eng kichik venüllerde bo'ladi.

O'pka mayda qismlari va venüllerde nihoyat birlashishga bo'lgan alohida tomir o'pka tomir. O'pka venasi chap quloq chanog'i uchun yangi kislorodli qon oshiradi. O'pka arteriya va o'pka venasi o'pka qon aylanishini tashkil qilish.

Chap qorincha qisqarishi (- yunon "yuqoriga ko'tarishga») aorta ichiga bir tomonlama qopqog'ida qonning majbur. THP aojjta organizmdagi eng yirik arteriya hisoblanadi. Birinchi (Ortib Markaziy) da yuqoriga movfes, lekin dorsalde ustidan keyin kamar (aorta ko'zga). Uning pastga davomida, aorta diafragma orqali o'tadi.

qon qon tomirlaridan, qachon kaçışlarının qattiqlashadi qizil suyuqlik hisoblanadi. Bu rangsiz suyuqlik, plazma yoki va daqiqa organlari, tanachalariga ko'plab millionlab iborat.