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Text: Discovering Moscow: the History of Moscow Moscow is first mentioned in the annals of history of the year 1147. Since then its name has not left the pages of history. Moscow rendered a great service to the nation by uniting the country and giving it a single government. During the first centuries of Russia's development as a state, it was Moscow that gave its name to the land, which was called Muscovy. Such was the historical fate of the little settlement atop a hill overlooking the Moskva River, a settlement founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. The Russian people cherish the history of their country and capital. Under tsar Fyodor Moscow was already considered to be one of the largest cities of Europe. An English traveler wrote, "I should say that the city as a whole is larger than London and its suburbs." Another Englishman John Belias, the author of Little Guide Book of Moscow wrote, "Who would not wish to visit the old capital - Moscow, with its Kremlin and golden domes? I am sure that everyone's heart will beat faster at the view of the golden dome of the Cathedral of the St. Saviour, with the hope of visiting the Kremlin. "In the 16th century, under Ivan the Terrible, Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. By that time the city had probably over 100,000 people and was one of the biggest in the world. The Kitay-Gorod, east of the Kremlin, was the main part of the town. By 1600 a nine-km white stone wall with 27 towers was erected round the line of the Boulevard Ring. They are inside the white wall came to be known as the Beliy Gorod (White City). In 1712 Peter I transferred the capital to the newly built St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained the cultural and economic centre of the country. After the victory over Napoleon Moscow was quickly rebuilt in just a few years. It was around this time that its two outer rings were replaced by three-lined Boulevard Ring and Garden Ring roads. As new industrial suburbs grew up beyond the Garden Ring, the city's population increased from 350,000 in the 1840s to 1.4 million in 1914. In 19th century Moscow became a centre of industry and commerce, as well as a leading cultural, scientific and political centre. In 1918 the Soviet Government decided to make Moscow the capital again. On March, 10, 1918 a special train left Petrograd for Moscow; the Government had moved back to the ancient Russian city. Since that time all the major acts and documents of our Government are signed, "The Kremlin, Moscow."
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