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7. The central part of the country is the Kazakh low hills (Saryarka), with not very big mountains. The southern chains of the Altai Mountains are in the east and southeast. The south is covered with the Betpak-Dala and Moiyncum desrets8. There are quite a lot of rivers and lakes in Kazakhstan. The main rivers are the Irtysh, the Ural, the Chu, and the Syrdarya. The main lakes are the Balkhash, partly Aral and the Caspian Sea. All in all there is a great number of rivers in Kazakhstan but only 228 of them are more than 100 km long. There are also very many lakes, but most of them are situated in the flood-lands. Only 21 lakes have area more than 100 square km. Besides mentioned above lakes there is Lake Zaisan, Tengiz, Kushmurun and others.Climate. The country is situated far from the oceans. The climate is sharply continental and zonelike due to its vast territory. In the north winters are cold and long. As a result of arctic air frosts can reach 40-45 C below zero. The average winter temperature in the north about – 20 C. Summer is dry; in the south it is hot. The summer temperature in the north is about +20 C, in the central parts it is + 30 C. In the south it can reach + 45 C.Administrative divisionThe Republic of Kazakhstan consists of 14 regions and 2 cities of republican submission. Nowadays it has 85 cities, 169 regions 195 settlements and 2150 districts.The capital of Kazakhstan - Astana – is located in Northern Kazakhstan, with the population of more than 400 thousand people and the city has the status of republican submission.Northen Kazakhstan covers 440 square km. About 2,6 million people live here. It includes Northern- Kazakh, Akmolinsk and Kostanai regions. The powerful stimulus in the growth of its economy and culture was the development of virgin lands in 1954. The region has vast arable lands, favourable to grow various agricultural crops. Tselinograd became the center of this area, quickly growing town former known as Akmolinsk. These days the northern part of Kazakhstan is the main country’s supplier of grain, meat and milk. Kokshetau is the centre of Akmola region. It got its name as the mountains were always surrounded by blue mist. In Kazakh Kokshetau means a blue mountain. This place is one of the most picturesque places in Kazakhstan. The area is full of rivers, lakes with salt water. This allows building health resorts here. Borovoe is one of the most famous resorts. An outstanding Birzhan-sal – folk singer and poet Birzhan Kozhamkulov lived and worked here. Shokan Valikhanov, the first Kazakh scientist, geographer, writer worked there too.
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