Результаты (
русский) 2:
[копия]Скопировано!
Прочитайте текст А и найдите в тексте предложения, в которых используются слова и словосочетания из задания 2. Переведите их на русский язык.
During national emergencies, the government sometimes imposes limits on prices, not allowing them to reach their equilibrium level. For example, during World War II, the governments did not allow the prices of foodstuffs to rise to their equilibrium levels, as they felt that it would be unfair and highly unpopular. As a result, quantity demanded exceeded the quantity supplied
. In other words, there was shortage.The price system is not allowed to do the rationing, some formal system of rationing or allocating the available supply of the product may be needed. Thus, in World War II, families received ton coupons which determined how much they could buy of every commodity. And in 1979, when the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries cut back oil production and reduced exports of oil to the United States, there was serious talk there that gasoline andoil might be rationed. Such rationing schemes may work well in emergencies (over short periods of time), but they can result eventually in serious problems, as prices are not allowed to regulate production and consumption.Consider, for example, the –rent ceilings that have been imposed on some apartments in New York City. First, the purpose of these ceilings was to
prevent rents from rocketing up during World War II. It has resulted in a shortage of housing in New York City. Because they have pushed the price of housing below the equilibrium price, less housing has been supplied than has been demanded. The lower price of housing has kept investors from building new housing, and has made it –unprofitable for some owners
34of housing –to maintain their buildings. It is –socially –desirable to allocate more resources to New York housing, but the rent ceilings have prevented this.Governmentsmay also impose price floors–or price supports, as they are often called. The assumption is that they allow producers of the good in question to maintain their revenues at a higher level. For example, the federal government has imposed price supports on a lot of agricultural commodities that might increase farm incomes. The result is that the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the floor price. Thus, there is a surplus of the commodity–and, in the case of agricultural commodities the government has to buy up and store these surpluses.
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