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Let's look closer at the engine components that operate together to generate power. The basic unit of the engine is the piston which moves up and down inside a cylinder. As air is compressed in the cylinder, fuel is injected on top of the piston. Under high pressure the fuel mixes with the hot air end self-ignites causing combustion. The force of the combustion pushes the piston and connecting rod down turning the crankshaft and flywheel which drive other components.During engine operation the piston goes through four strokes: in¬take, compression, power and exhaust. During the four strokes, the piston moves down and up to complete cycles.Intake: During the intake stroke the piston moves down in the cylinder pulling air past an open intake valve into the combustion cham¬ber.Compression: During the compression stroke all valves are closed, and piston moves up in the cylinder compressing the air. As the air molecules are compressed the air temperature increases dramatically to about 1000° F (537° C). As the piston nears the top of its stroke, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber on top of the piston. The fuel mixes with the hot compressed air and causes combustion.Power: During the power stroke the valves are closed as the forces from combustion push the piston and connecting rod down, thereby turning the crankshaft. The heat energy has now been converted into mechanical power.Exhaust: During the exhaust stroke the inertial force of the turn¬ing flywheel helps continue the rotation of the crankshaft to push the piston up again in the cylinder forcing the burned gases out the open exhaust valve. This completes the four strokes of the piston. These four strokes are repeated over and over as the engine operates.Diesel engine offers the following advantages over automotive-type gasoline engines:Fuel economyDiesel engines have higher compression ratios and therefore burn fuel more completely and efficiently.ReliabilityDiesel engines have no electrical ignition system to fail or be maintained. They are built with heavy-duty parts to withstand the higher compression ratios and to operate for long periods with minimum breakdown. In on-highway trucks for instance, diesel engines have a projected service life of many hundreds of thousands of miles.PowerIt depends on engine size, but diesel engines generally produce more torque and power output than gasoline engines
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