THE POLITICAL SYSTEM The United Kin

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Everything today is done in the Queen’s name. The Queen’s image appears on stamps, notes and coins. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She appoints all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. Everything is done however on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process. The monarch can only reign with the support of Parliament.
Parliament consists of two chambers - the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country. They only meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power.
The House of Commons is made up of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs), each of whom represents an area of the United Kingdom. They are elected at a general election. The election campaign usually lasts about three weeks.
Everyone over the age of 18 can vote in an election. Parliamentary elections must be held every five years.
The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The House consists of hereditary and life peers and peeresses, a certain number of Irish and Scottish peers, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, bishops and judges. They debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. A decision is accepted if a quorum of three Lords is present. The House sits, on average, for about 140 days in each session. The Lord Chancellor is chairman and sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. The House of Lords is the only non-elected second chamber among all the democracies in the world, and some people in Great Britain would like to abolish it.
After each general election the King or Queen invites the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons to become Prime Minister and form the Government. As leaders of their political parties and leaders of the country, Prime Ministers are powerful and important people. They are powerful because they have the majority support in Parliament and they can choose their own ministers and government.
The PM chooses a committee of ministers called the Cabinet. This is made up of a selection of senior MPs from the House of Commons and some members of the House of Lords.
The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister’s house – 10 Downing Street.
The Cabinet works as a team and all ministers must accept the decisions of the “group”. Cabinet meetings are held in private and the details must remain secret for at least 30 years.
The British political scene is dominated by a two-party system: one party in power, the other in opposition. They are the Conservative (1867) and the Labour Parties (1900). The Conservative Party, often called the Tory Party (“tory” means an Irish highwayman), can be broadly described as the party of the middle and upper classes.
The Labour Party, on the other hand, has always had strong links with the trade unions and receives financial support from them.
Among the other parties are the Liberal Party (SLD, 1988); the Scottish National Party (1928); Plaid Cymru, the Welsh Nationalist Party, (1925); the Communist Party of Britain (1988); the Communist Party of Great Britain (1920); the National Front and Democratic Left.

Результаты (русский) 1:

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА Соединенное Королевство является конституционной монархией. Это означает, что он имеет монарха (король или королева) в качестве главы государства. Не будут точно определены полномочия монарха. Сегодня все это делается во имя королевы. Королевы изображение появляется на марки, банкноты и монеты. Это ее правительство, ее вооруженных сил, ее судов и так далее. Она назначает всех министров, включая премьер-министра. Все это делается, однако на консультации избранным правительством и монарх не принимает участия в процессе принятия решений. Монарх может только царствовать с поддержкой парламента. Парламент состоит из двух палат - Палаты общин и палаты лордов. Парламент и монарх имеют разные роли в правительстве страны. Они только собираются на символических случаев, таких как коронации нового монарха или открытии парламента. В действительности в палате общин является только один из трех, который имеет истинную силу. Палата общин состоит из 651 членов парламента (MPs), каждый из которых представляет собой область Соединенного Королевства. Они избираются на всеобщих выборах. Избирательной кампании обычно длится около трех недель. Каждый человек в возрасте старше 18 лет могут голосовать на выборах. Парламентские выборы должны проводиться каждые пять лет. The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The House consists of hereditary and life peers and peeresses, a certain number of Irish and Scottish peers, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, bishops and judges. They debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. A decision is accepted if a quorum of three Lords is present. The House sits, on average, for about 140 days in each session. The Lord Chancellor is chairman and sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. The House of Lords is the only non-elected second chamber among all the democracies in the world, and some people in Great Britain would like to abolish it. After each general election the King or Queen invites the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons to become Prime Minister and form the Government. As leaders of their political parties and leaders of the country, Prime Ministers are powerful and important people. They are powerful because they have the majority support in Parliament and they can choose their own ministers and government. The PM chooses a committee of ministers called the Cabinet. This is made up of a selection of senior MPs from the House of Commons and some members of the House of Lords. The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister’s house – 10 Downing Street. The Cabinet works as a team and all ministers must accept the decisions of the “group”. Cabinet meetings are held in private and the details must remain secret for at least 30 years. The British political scene is dominated by a two-party system: one party in power, the other in opposition. They are the Conservative (1867) and the Labour Parties (1900). The Conservative Party, often called the Tory Party (“tory” means an Irish highwayman), can be broadly described as the party of the middle and upper classes. The Labour Party, on the other hand, has always had strong links with the trade unions and receives financial support from them. Among the other parties are the Liberal Party (SLD, 1988); the Scottish National Party (1928); Plaid Cymru, the Welsh Nationalist Party, (1925); the Communist Party of Britain (1988); the Communist Party of Great Britain (1920); the National Front and Democratic Left.