Forging is the shaping of a piece o

Forging is the shaping of a piece of metal by pushing with open or closed dies. It is usually done hot in order to reduce the required force and increase the metal's plasticity.
Open-die forging is usually done by hammering a part between two flat faces. It is used to make parts that are too big to be formed in a closed die or in cases where only a few parts are to be made. The earliest forging machines lifted a large hammer that was then dropped on the workpiece, but now air or steam hammers are used, since they allow greater control over the force and the rate of
forming. The part is shaped by moving or turning it between blows.
Closed-die forging is the shaping of hot metal within the walls of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides. The process starts with a rod or bar cut to the length needed to fill the die. Since large, complex shapes and large strains are involved, several dies may be used to go from the initial bar to the final shape. With closed dies, parts can be made to close tolerances so that little finish machining is required.
Two closed-die forging operations are given special names. They are upsetting and coining. Coining takes its name from the final stage of forming metal coins, where the desired imprint is formed on a metal disk that is pressed in a closed die. Coining involves small strains and is done cold. Upsetting involves a flow of the metal back upon itself. An example of this process is the pushing of a short length of a rod through a hole, clamping the rod, and then hitting the exposed length with a die to form the head of a nail or bolt.

Результаты (узбекский) 1:

Zarb ochiq yoki yopiq izlar bilan itarib metall bir parcha tuzatish hisoblanadi. Bu, odatda, zarur kuch kamaytirish va metall ning plastisite oshirish maqsadida issiq qilinadi.
Open-Die zarb odatda ikki tekis yuzlari o'rtasida bir qismini bolg'acha bilan amalga oshiriladi. Bu yopiq qolib yoki faqat bir necha qismlari qilinishi kerak hollarda tuziladi uchun juda katta bo'lgan qismlar qilish uchun ishlatiladi. erta zarb mashinalari, keyin ish qismi bo'yicha tushdi katta bolg'a ko'tardi, lekin ular katta kuch ustidan nazoratni va tezligini ruxsat beri endi havo yoki bug 'jalb ishlatiladi
shakllantirish. qismi harakat yoki zarba o'rtasida o'girib shakllantirildi.
Yopiq-Die zarb har tomondan ish qismini shomil bir joyga kelib, ikki izlar devorlari ichida issiq metall shakllantirish hisoblanadi. jarayon qolib to'ldirish uchun zarur bo'lgan uzunligi bir novda yoki bar kesilgan bilan boshlanadi. Katta, murakkab shakllar va katta shtammlari jalb ekan, bir necha izlar final shakli boshlang'ich satridan borish uchun foydalanish mumkin. Oz so'ng ishlov talab qilinadi, shuning uchun yopiq izlar bilan, ehtiyot qismlar, sabr-bardoshga yopish mumkin.
Ikki yopiq o'lim zarb operatsiyalar berilgan maxsus ismlar. Ular g'alaba qozonishingiz va Darplama jarayoni mavjud. Damgalama kerakli imkoniyatiga ega bo'lish yopiq Die bosilganda metall diskda hosil shakllantirish metall tangalar, yakuniy bosqichida uning nomini oladi. Damgalama kichik suşları o'z ichiga oladi va sovuq amalga oshiriladi. Ko'rgazmalar yig'ish o'zi ustiga metall orqa bir ketishini o'z ichiga oladi. Bu jarayonning bir misol, mix yoki murvat boshini hosil qilish uchun bir qolib bilan fosh uzunligini topsa, so'ngra bir teshikdan bir satrini qisqa uzunligi itarib novda tejamkorlik, va.