Displays, often called monitors or

Displays, often called monitors or screens, are the most-used output
device on a computer. They provide instant feedback by showing text and
graphic images.
The monitor or screen is the computer’s usual means of
communicating with the user. The term “monitor” probably comes from the
fact that the user monitors, or keeps track of, what the computer is doing by
watching the display on the screen. Screens vary in size, resolution, colour
and graphics capabilities, and the technology used to produce the screen
image.
Resolution refers to the number of dots of colour, known as pixels
(picture elements), contained in a display. It is expressed by identifying the
number of pixels on the horizontal and vertical axes.
The size of display is described by the aspect ration and the screen
size. Historically, computer displays, like most televisions, have had an
aspect ratio of 4:3 – the width of the screen to the height is four to three.
For widescreen LCDs, the aspect ratio is 16:9.
Inside the computer there is a video adapter, or graphics card, which
processes images and sends signals to the monitor. CTR monitors use VGA
(video graphics adapter) cable, which converts digital signals into analogue
signals. LCDs use a DVI (digital video interface) connection.
Colour depth refers to the number of colours a monitor can display.
This depends on the number of bits used to describe the colour of a single
pixel.
Most desktop displays use Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) or Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD) technology, while portable computing devices
incorporate LCDs.
The CRT is the oldest and most commonly used display technology
in the computer world. The principle of operation is similar to a television
set in that a tube similar to a picture tube projects dots of coloured light
onto different parts of the screen to form letters and other images.
However, the process by which information is transferred from computer
memory to a screen image is different from the reconstruction of a
television picture from a broadcast signal, as will be explained shortly.
Monochrome (one colour) monitors display either one colour (most
commonly yellow, green, or white) on a black background, or else black on
a white background. The colour is determined by the chemical makeup of
the phosphor, a substance that coats the inner surface of the CRT and
generates the display by glowing when excited by light.
Colour monitors have three phosphor dots for each point (or pixel,
for a picture cell) on the screen that can be activated by the scanning beam.
Each of these dots will glow red, blue, or green when excited by light.
Since these are the three light primaries, other colours can be produced by
exciting more than one of the dots for a given pixel. More shades of colour
can be generated if the intensity of the dots can be varied.
As in a television set, the phosphor dots are activated by a light beam
that scans the screen in horizontal lines, moving from top to bottom. Scan
time or refresh rate is a measure of how long the beam takes to make a
complete pass over the screen. Scan time is important because the excited
phosphor dots stay bright for only a limited time (this time is called the
“persistence” of the phosphor). Display quality therefore involves matching
the scan time with the characteristics of the phosphor. If the scan is too
slow for the phosphor, the display will flicker because some phosphor dots
will have a chance to grow visibly dim before the beam comes back to
recharge them. A high-persistence phosphor, however, will leave a “ghost”
image on the screen for a noticeable time after the light stimulus is
removed. The faster scanning needed with a low-persistence phosphor ismore expensive because the electronics and control circuitry for the beam
must have a faster response time.
When a computer must be small or portable, CRT technology
becomes difficult to implement. The tube cannot be compressed front to
back beyond a certain point without compromising image quality (as the
scanning beam must move through a wider angle, the dots near the edge
become elliptical instead of circular). Moreover, CRTs are highly subject to
impact damage or breakage. Therefore, many portable computers use LCD
technology instead.
LCDs are widely used in calculators, digital watches, and
instruments as well as in computers. The screen consists of a sheet of
crystalline material sandwiched between two sheets of glass. The crystals
can assume two shapes: one when excited by an energy input, the other
when unexcited. In their unexcited state, the crystals reflect most of the
incident light and appear pale grey; when excited, they absorb light and
appear black.
One advantage of LCDs is that the amount of energy required to
make the crystals change shape is much less than that needed to turn on a
dot on a CRT phosphor display. The lesser energy input, however, plus the
fact that the LCD is merely reflecting or absorbing the ambient light rather
than itself emitting light, means that LCDs can suffer from poor contrast,
especially in marginal lighting conditions or when viewed at an angle.
More recent designs use improved crystals or backlighting to obtain more
contrast.
Active-matrix LCDs use TFT (thin film transistor) technology, in
which each pixel has its own switch. The amount of light the LCD monitor
produces is called brightness or luminance, measured in cd/ m² (candela per
square meter

Результаты (русский) 1:

Дисплеи, часто называют мониторов или экраны, являются наиболее распространенным вывода устройства на компьютере. Они обеспечивают мгновенную обратную связь, показывая текст и графические изображения.Монитор или экран компьютера обычным средством является взаимодействие с пользователем. Термин «монитор», вероятно, происходит от факт, что пользователей мониторов, или продолжает отслеживать, какой компьютер делает наблюдая за отображение на экране. Экраны различаются в размер, разрешение, цвет и графические возможности и технологии, используемые для производства на экране изображения.Резолюция относится к количеству точек цвета, известный как Пиксели (фотография элементы), содержащийся в дисплей. Это выражается путем выявления количество пикселей на горизонтальной и вертикальной осей.Размер отображения описывается аспект рацион и на экране размер. Исторически, имели компьютерных дисплеев, как большинство телевизоров, Соотношение сторон 4:3 – ширины экрана к высоте — четырех до трех. Для широкоэкранного ЖК-дисплеев пропорции является 16:9.Внутри компьютера есть видео адаптер, или графической карты, которая обрабатывает изображения и посылает сигналы на монитор. CTR мониторы используют VGA кабель (видео графический адаптер), который преобразует цифровой сигнал в аналоговый сигналы. ЖК-мониторы используют подключение DVI (цифровым видео интерфейсом).Глубина цвета относится к количеству цветов монитора. Это зависит на количество битов, используемых для описания цвета одного pixel.Most desktop displays use Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) or Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology, while portable computing devices incorporate LCDs.The CRT is the oldest and most commonly used display technologyin the computer world. The principle of operation is similar to a television set in that a tube similar to a picture tube projects dots of coloured light onto different parts of the screen to form letters and other images. However, the process by which information is transferred from computer memory to a screen image is different from the reconstruction of a television picture from a broadcast signal, as will be explained shortly.Monochrome (one colour) monitors display either one colour (most commonly yellow, green, or white) on a black background, or else black on a white background. The colour is determined by the chemical makeup of the phosphor, a substance that coats the inner surface of the CRT and generates the display by glowing when excited by light.Colour monitors have three phosphor dots for each point (or pixel, for a picture cell) on the screen that can be activated by the scanning beam. Each of these dots will glow red, blue, or green when excited by light. Since these are the three light primaries, other colours can be produced by exciting more than one of the dots for a given pixel. More shades of colour can be generated if the intensity of the dots can be varied.As in a television set, the phosphor dots are activated by a light beam that scans the screen in horizontal lines, moving from top to bottom. Scan time or refresh rate is a measure of how long the beam takes to make a complete pass over the screen. Scan time is important because the excited phosphor dots stay bright for only a limited time (this time is called the “persistence” of the phosphor). Display quality therefore involves matching the scan time with the characteristics of the phosphor. If the scan is too slow for the phosphor, the display will flicker because some phosphor dots will have a chance to grow visibly dim before the beam comes back to recharge them. A high-persistence phosphor, however, will leave a “ghost”image on the screen for a noticeable time after the light stimulus is removed. The faster scanning needed with a low-persistence phosphor ismore expensive because the electronics and control circuitry for the beam must have a faster response time.When a computer must be small or portable, CRT technology becomes difficult to implement. The tube cannot be compressed front to back beyond a certain point without compromising image quality (as the scanning beam must move through a wider angle, the dots near the edge become elliptical instead of circular). Moreover, CRTs are highly subject to impact damage or breakage. Therefore, many portable computers use LCD technology instead.LCDs are widely used in calculators, digital watches, and instruments as well as in computers. The screen consists of a sheet of crystalline material sandwiched between two sheets of glass. The crystals can assume two shapes: one when excited by an energy input, the other when unexcited. In their unexcited state, the crystals reflect most of the incident light and appear pale grey; when excited, they absorb light and appear black.One advantage of LCDs is that the amount of energy required to make the crystals change shape is much less than that needed to turn on a dot on a CRT phosphor display. The lesser energy input, however, plus the fact that the LCD is merely reflecting or absorbing the ambient light rather than itself emitting light, means that LCDs can suffer from poor contrast, especially in marginal lighting conditions or when viewed at an angle. More recent designs use improved crystals or backlighting to obtain more contrast.Active-matrix LCDs use TFT (thin film transistor) technology, in which each pixel has its own switch. The amount of light the LCD monitor produces is called brightness or luminance, measured in cd/ m² (candela per square meter

Результаты (русский) 3:

дисплеи, которые часто называют наблюдателей или экранов, чаще всего используются результаты
устройство на компьютере.они обеспечивают постоянной обратной связи, показав текст и
графических изображений.
монитор или на экране компьютера, обычные средства
общения с пользователем.термин "контроль", вероятно, происходит от того, что пользователь контролирует ", или отслеживает, что делает компьютер с помощью
смотреть отображения на экране.экраны варьируются по размеру, резолюция, цвета кожи
и графики возможности и технологии, используемые для производства экран
изображения.
резолюции, относится к числу точек, цвета кожи, известный как пикселей
(фото элементов), содержащиеся в дисплей.она выражается, выявляя
число пикселей на горизонтальной и вертикальной оси.
размер дисплея описывается аспект рацион и экран
размера.исторически сложилось так, что компьютер показывает, как и большинство телевизоров, имели
пропорции 4: 3 – ширину экрана на высоте четыре к трем.сша за широкоформатный нрс, соотношение сторон 16: 9 -.
внутри компьютера есть видео адаптер, или графической карты, которые
процессов изображения и посылает сигналы на монитор.