THE ERA OF THE GASOLINE-POWERED AUT

THE ERA OF THE GASOLINE-POWERED AUTOMOBILE
Inventors on both sides of the Atlantic discovered during the 1880s that technologies for making self-propelled carriages and wagons had progressed dramatically. Soon sundry vehicles powered by steam, internal combustion engines, and electricity were rolling across Germany, France, and the United States.
The first practical internal combustion engine was built by Etienne Lenoir, a Belgian living in France. Patented in 1860, his water-cooled contraption burned coal gas and was noisy and inefficient; even so, for two decades it had many buyers. Lenoir's engine was a clear proof of concept to other inventors, especially in Europe.
Nikolaus Otto, a German, was one of many inspired by Lenoir's technical and commercial success. Mechanically gifted, Otto sought to improve the Lenoir engine, and in the late 1870s he did. Otto's four-cycle design embodied features that would become standard in gasoline automobile engines. The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed under the seat. Motorists had to carry large cans of fuel and separate spare parts, for there were no repair or filling stations to serve them.
The Otto engine and the many clones it spawned, though intended to replace small steam engines in industry, inaugurated the era of the gasoline-powered automobile. Clearly, the compact internal combustion engine was a most suitable
technology for the self-propelled vehicle.
Karl Benz, also a German, employed his own Otto-type engine to power a three-wheel carriage in 1885. These tri-wheelers, with a one-cylinder engine that developed 0.8 hp, were put on the market in 1887, perhaps the earliest commercial automobiles.
In 1891 Benz added a four-wheel motorized carriage to his company's offerings. These automobiles sold well and were widely imitated. In the early 1890s, for example, Panhard et Levassor as well as Peugeot in France were peddling cars to the public. Henry Ford, however, was still a long way from building automobiles.

Результаты (русский) 1:

ЭРА АВТОМОБИЛЯ БЕНЗИНОВЫЕИзобретателей по обе стороны Атлантики во время 1880 обнаружили, что прогресс технологии изготовления подводы и вагонов был резко. Вскоре разные автомобили питание паром, двигатели внутреннего сгорания, и электричество катились по всей Германии, Франции и Соединенных Штатов Америки.Первый практический внутреннего сгорания двигателя был построен Etienne Lenoir, бельгийский проживающих во Франции. Запатентован в 1860 году, его water-cooled хитрое сожгли Угольный газ и было шумно и неэффективными; Тем не менее на протяжении двух десятилетий он имел много покупателей. Ленуар двигатель был четкое доказательство концепции для других изобретателей, особенно в Европе.Nikolaus Otto, немецкий, был одним из многих, вдохновленный Ленуар технический и коммерческий успех. Механически одаренных, Отто стремились улучшить Lenoir двигателя, и в конце 1870-х он сделал. Отто четырехцикловый дизайн отражение особенности, которые стали стандартом в автомобильных бензиновых двигателей. Автомобили того времени были очень маленький, 2-х местный автомобили без крыши, приводится в действие двигателем, помещены под сиденьем. Автомобилистов приходилось нести большие канистры топлива и отдельных запасных частей, для ремонта или заправочных станций, чтобы служить им не было.Двигатель Отто и многочисленные клоны, которые она породила, хотя может заменить малых паровых двигателей в промышленности, открыл эпоху бензиномоторные автомобиля. Очевидно компактный внутреннего сгорания двигателя был наиболее подходящим technology for the self-propelled vehicle.Karl Benz, also a German, employed his own Otto-type engine to power a three-wheel carriage in 1885. These tri-wheelers, with a one-cylinder engine that developed 0.8 hp, were put on the market in 1887, perhaps the earliest commercial automobiles. In 1891 Benz added a four-wheel motorized carriage to his company's offerings. These automobiles sold well and were widely imitated. In the early 1890s, for example, Panhard et Levassor as well as Peugeot in France were peddling cars to the public. Henry Ford, however, was still a long way from building automobiles.