FINANCE AND FINANCIAL SYSTEMFinance

FINANCE AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Finance is the provision of money at the time when it is needed. It is a system of monetary relations leading to formation, distribution and use of money in the process of its turnover between economic entities.
The financial system is the network of institutions through which firms, households and units of government get the funds they need and put sur¬plus funds to work.
Savers and borrowers are connected by financial intermediaries includ-ing banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies, pension funds, mutual funds, and finance companies.
Finance in an economic system comprises two parts: public finance and finance of economic entities.
Public finance is the provision of money (by the community) through taxes to be spent by national and local government authorities on projects of national and local benefit. It is a collective term for the financial flows and also the financial institutions of the public sector.
Public finance has the following four functions:
a) the provision of essential services;
b) the encouragement or control of particular sectors of the economy;
c) the implementation of social policy in respect of social services, and
d) the encouragement of the growth of economy as a whole.
The major instrument of any financial system is the budget. In a market-oriented economy, the budget is the most important tool for achieving national priorities and goals through the allocation and distribution c: resources, and the maintenance of a stable macroeconomic environment.
The budget is an estimate of national revenue and expenditure for the ensuing fiscal year. When expenditure exceeds the revenue the budget has a deficit.
Revenue and expenditure forecasting is the most fundamental step in the process of budget preparation. Adequate planning of recurrent and capital expenditure depends critically on an accurate forecast of revenue availability. The determination of the expected overall deficit in the public sector and therefore the macroeconomic impact of fiscal policy requires accurate forecast of tax collection and expenditures.
In Ukraine, public finance is a sum of budgets of all levels of subjects of the state, extra-budgetary and reserve funds.
Budget preparation at the state level involves a number of institutions. The Ministry of Finance (MoF) is the central coordinating institution in charge of compiling and presenting the budget. It has major inputs from ministries in various sectors of the economy and the state tax bodies.

Результаты (узбекский) 1:

MOLIYA-moliya tizimi
Moliya u zarur bo'lgan paytda pul bilan ta'minlash hisoblanadi. Bu shakllantirish, taqsimlash va xo'jalik sub'ektlari o'rtasida uning ayirboshlash jarayonida pul foydalanish uchun etakchi pul munosabatlari tizimidir.
moliyaviy tizim firmalari, uy va hukumat birliklari ular kerak mablag'larini olish va qo'yish orqali muassasalari tarmog'i sur¬plus fondlari ishlashni.
., jumladan-ing banklar, foydalilik institutlari, sug'urta kompaniyalari, pensiya fondlari, investitsiya fondlari va moliya kompaniyalari na va qarz oluvchilar moliyaviy vositachilar tomonidan bog'liq
ijtimoiy moliya va moliya: ikki qismdan iborat iqtisodiy tizimida moliya xo'jalik sub'ektlari.
Davlat moliyasi (hamjamiyati tomonidan) pul rizqingiz soliqlar orqali milliy va mahalliy foyda loyihalar bo'yicha milliy va mahalliy davlat hokimiyati organlari tomonidan sarf qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, moliyaviy oqimlari va davlat sektori moliyaviy tashkilotlar uchun jamoa atamadir.
Davlat moliyasi quyidagi to'rt vazifalarga ega:
muhim xizmatlar a) berish;
b) rag'batlantirish yoki iqtisodiyotning alohida tarmoqlari nazorat qilish;
c) ijtimoiy xizmatlarga nisbatan ijtimoiy siyosatni amalga oshirish, va
d) bir butun sifatida iqtisodiyotning o'sish rag'batlantirish.
har qanday moliyaviy tizimining asosiy asbob byudjet hisoblanadi. Bozor yo'naltirilgan iqtisodiy, byudjet ajratish va tarqatish v orqali milliy ustuvor va maqsadlarga erishish uchun eng muhim vositasi hisoblanadi. Resurslarini va barqaror makroiqtisodiy atrof-muhit parvarishlash
byudjet uchun milliy daromad va xarajatlari bir usuli moliyaviy yil keyingi. Xarajatlar daromad oshib ketganda byudjeti kamomadi. Ega
daromadlar va xarajatlar prognozlash byudjet tayyorlash jarayonida eng asosiy qadamdir. Takrorlab, va kapital xarajatlari etarli rejalashtirish daromadi mavjudligi aniq prognozi bo'yicha tanqidiy bog'liq. Shuning uchun davlat sektorida va moliya siyosatining makroiqtisodiy ta'siri kutilgan umumiy defitsit belgilash soliq yig'ish va xarajatlarining aniq prognoz talab qiladi.
Ukraina, davlat moliya davlat sub'ektlarining barcha darajadagi byudjetlar bir sum, byudjetdan tashqari bo'lgan va zahira fondlari.
davlat darajasida byudjet tayyorgarlik muassasalari bir qator o'z ichiga oladi. Moliya vazirligi (MOF) tuzishda va byudjet taqdim mas'ul markaziy muvofiqlashtiruvchi muassasasi hisoblanadi. Bu iqtisodiyotning turli tarmoqlari va davlat soliq organlarining vazirlik asosiy usuli mavjud.