TERMS OF DELIVERYThe contract of sa

TERMS OF DELIVERY
The contract of sale stipulates/apart from the object of the agreement (the goods)/ the price and the terms of
delivery (price and transport clauses), which constitute the framework of the subsequent agreements on financing,
insurance and transport.
In accordance with the responsibilities of the parties in respect of the expenses of delivery and the risks of
accidental damage to or loss of the goods there may be various terms of delivery.
Details of mutual obligations of counterparts referring to terms of delivery are given in the official issue of the
Incoterms, 1980, which determines the meaning and effects of certain transport clauses used in international trade.
Over past years certain transport clauses have been adapted to the demands caused by container transportation,
the so-called Combiterms.
Most frequently used terms of delivery in international trade are CIF (cost, insurance, freight) and FOB (free on
board).
A c.i.f. price includes apart from the value of the goods the sums paid for insurance and freight (and all other
transportation expenses up to the place of destination), which an fob price does not, that means the latter must be
lower than the former since it only includes the value of the goods, transportation and other expenses until the
goods are on board vessel. On fob and cif terms the Sellers bear the risk of accidental loss of or damage to the
goods until the goods pass the ship's rail.
Other terms of delivery that may be used in foreign trade are:
1) EXW - free on works (ex works, ex mill, ex factory), which means delivery of the goods from the factory gates
of the Sellers, with all charges thereafter to be paid by the Buyers and the risk of accidental damage to or loss
of the goods to be borne by them.
Similar terms are ex mine - free on mine and free on plantation. Also ex warehouse = free on Sellers' warehouse.
The above terms are applied in our foreign trade practice very seldom.
2) FOR - free on rail (FOC - free on car, FOT - free on truck),which means that the Sellers pay all charges up to
and including the placing of the goods on a railway train (in cars or on trucks). The risk of accidental damage to or
loss of the goods passes when the goods have been entrusted to the carrier.
3) FAS = free alongside ship, which means that the Sellers pay for all the charges up to and including the placing
of the goods alongside ship (on the quay where the ship is docked), but does not pay for loading. The risk passes
when the goods have been effectively placed alongside the vessel in the named port of shipment.
4) CAF - cost and freight (C& F), which means that the Sellers undertake to pay for the cost of transport of the
goods to a specified destination having allowed for this in their sales price. The risk passes when the goods have
crossed the ship's rail at the port of loading. If the goods are carried by liners, the Sellers have to unload them at
the port of destination for their account. If not by liners, the counterparts may agree to this effect, then it is indicated
"C& F landed".
5) Ex ship with port of destination indicated, which means that the Sellers pay for all charges up to and including
the placing of the goods at the disposal of the Buyers on board the vessel at the port of destination. The risk
passes accordingly.
6) Ex quay with port of destination indicated, which means that as compared with the previous terms, the Sellers
pay for unloading the goods and the risk does not pass until the goods are placed on the quay in the port of
destination.
7) In the revised Incoterms,1980 some new clauses have been introduced: "Free carrier (named point)". The
clause has been designed with regard being given to modern forms of carriage, such as multimodal transports with
containers, or roll-on, roll-off traffic with trailers. The new clause is based on the same principles as the old FOB
clause, but there is an important distinction in that the risk passes from the Sellers to the Buyers at the place where
the goods have been delivered to the contracting carrier. Thus the vessel's rail will no longer play a decisive role in
this respect when the new clause is used. Similarly "Freight or carriage (sometimes written "freightcarriage") and
insurance paid to "or" Freight or carriage paid to" may be substituted for the old CIF and C&F clauses respectively
in cases where container or trailer traffic is involved.
The choice of the terms of delivery and the terms of payment as a rule remains with the Buyers, so they can
insist, while negotiating a contract, on choosing those which they find most suitable for them. When choosing the
terms of delivery, for instance, the Buyers should be guided by the availability or absence of transportation facilities
and by the interests of their country.

Результаты (русский) 1:

УСЛОВИЯ ПОСТАВКИДоговор купли продажи предусматривает/отдельно от объекта соглашения (товары) / цена и условияДоставка (цена и транспортного положения), которые составляют основу последующих соглашений о финансировании,страхование и транспорт.В соответствии с обязанностями сторон в случае расходы по доставке и рискислучайного повреждения или потери груза, могут быть различные условия поставки.Подробная информация о взаимных обязательств партнеров, ссылаясь на условия поставки приведены в официальном выпускеИнкотермс, 1980, который определяет смысл и последствия некоторых положений транспорта, используемых в международной торговле.За последние годы некоторые положения транспорта были адаптированы для требования, вызванные контейнерных перевозок,так называемый Combiterms.Наиболее часто используемые условия поставки в международной торговле являются CIF (стоимость, страхование, фрахт) и FOB (свободно наСовет).Цена СИФ включает помимо стоимости товаров суммы на страхование и фрахт (и все другиетранспортные расходы до места назначения), которое цена ФОБ не, это означает, что последний должен бытьниже, чем первый, поскольку он включает только стоимость товара, транспортные и другие расходы дотовар находится на борту судна. На условиях ФОБ и СИФ продавцы несут риск случайной потери или повреждениятовары до товары проходят поручни судна. Other terms of delivery that may be used in foreign trade are:1) EXW - free on works (ex works, ex mill, ex factory), which means delivery of the goods from the factory gatesof the Sellers, with all charges thereafter to be paid by the Buyers and the risk of accidental damage to or lossof the goods to be borne by them.Similar terms are ex mine - free on mine and free on plantation. Also ex warehouse = free on Sellers' warehouse.The above terms are applied in our foreign trade practice very seldom.2) FOR - free on rail (FOC - free on car, FOT - free on truck),which means that the Sellers pay all charges up toand including the placing of the goods on a railway train (in cars or on trucks). The risk of accidental damage to orloss of the goods passes when the goods have been entrusted to the carrier.3) FAS = free alongside ship, which means that the Sellers pay for all the charges up to and including the placingof the goods alongside ship (on the quay where the ship is docked), but does not pay for loading. The risk passeswhen the goods have been effectively placed alongside the vessel in the named port of shipment.4) CAF - cost and freight (C& F), which means that the Sellers undertake to pay for the cost of transport of thegoods to a specified destination having allowed for this in their sales price. The risk passes when the goods havecrossed the ship's rail at the port of loading. If the goods are carried by liners, the Sellers have to unload them atв порт назначения для их учетной записи. Если не, вкладыши, партнеры могут договориться на этот счет, то указывается«C & F приземлился».5) ex корабль с портом назначения указывается, что означает, что продавцы оплаты для всех обвинений вплоть до и включаяразмещение товара в распоряжение покупателя на борту судна в порту назначения. Рискпроходит соответственно.6) причала с портом назначения указывается, что означает, что по сравнению с предыдущим условиям, продавцыплатить за разгрузки и риск не проходит до тех пор, пока товары находятся на набережной в портуназначения.7) в пересмотренном Инкотермс, 1980 некоторые новые положения были введены: «Франко перевозчик (название точки)». Воговорка была разработана с внимания к современным видам перевозки, такие как мультимодальные перевозки сконтейнеры, или шариковый, roll-off движение с прицепами. Новое предложение основано на тех же принципах, как старый ФОБпредложение, но есть важное различие в том, что риск переходит от продавцов к покупателям в месте гдетовары были переданы перевозчику. Таким образом судна железнодорожных больше не будет играть решающую рольЭто уважение, когда используется новое предложение. Аналогичным образом «контейнерные перевозки или перевозки (иногда пишется «freightcarriage») истрахование оплачены до "или" перевозки или перевозки"может быть заменен на старый CIF и C & F положения соответственноin cases where container or trailer traffic is involved.The choice of the terms of delivery and the terms of payment as a rule remains with the Buyers, so they caninsist, while negotiating a contract, on choosing those which they find most suitable for them. When choosing theterms of delivery, for instance, the Buyers should be guided by the availability or absence of transportation facilitiesand by the interests of their country.

Результаты (русский) 3:

Условия поставки
договором купли-продажи предусмотрено/помимо объекта соглашения (товаров)/ цены и условия
(цены и транспорта положения), которые представляют собой в рамках последующих соглашений о финансировании,
страхование и транспорт.
в соответствии с обязанностями сторон в отношении расходов и рисков