John Smeaton — the First Civil Engi

John Smeaton — the First Civil Engineer


John Smeaton first described himself as a civil engineer in 1768. In doing so, he Identified a new profession that was distinct from that of the military engineers who, since ancient times, had undertaken the construction of all public infrastructure. Thus, at the time, civil engineering encompassed all non-military engineering. Although in 1847, after a frenzy of railway construction, mechanical engineering bifurcated from civil engineering as an independent discipline. An innovative and intelligent man, Smeaton remains one of the most revered professionals of engineering and is regarded as the father of the civil engineering profession. The son of a Yorkshire lawyer, John Smeaton was born in 1724, in Austhorpe, Leeds, UK. Before his 16th birthday, while still at school, his talent for engineering and use of mechanical tools possessed him to assemble a turning-lathe. Smeaton proceeded to become an instrument-maker. His research into windmills, watermills and other sources of power resulted, in 1754, in a systematic set of scientific expenments that made it clear that an overshot waterwheel is more efficient than an undershot wheel. In 1756 the President of the Royal Society famously charged Smeaton with the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse, a structure requued to warn ships away from the Eddystone rocks, 14 miles southwest of Plymouth. Smeaton's design, which remains a symbol of the profession, was completed in 1759 and lasted until 1881. Smeaton's Industry resulted in two developments that made an important contribution to the success of the Eddystone Lighthouse. First, he used a new kind of interlocking stone construction, and second, he developed a water-resistant (hydraulic) mortar to bind the blocks together by mixing blue lime and pozzolanic material from Italy. Smeaton's observation that the best hydraulic cements were those made from limestone containing certain proportions of clayey material are regarded as the starting point of the modem engineering use of cement and concrete. Today Smeaton remains one of civil engineering heavy-weights — the breadth and depth of his Influence are phenomenal. In his career, Smeaton designed the first successful Eddystone Lighthouse, greatly improved on Newcomen's steam engine, and designed windmills, watermills, canals and bridges. John Smeaton died on the 28 October, 1792. His enduring legacy is more than the engineering works, some of which remain as monuments to the great man himself. Not only is he widely regarded as the founder of the civil engineering profession, but his methods of construction site management and supervision are still in use today. John Smeaton clearly understood that managing people correctly was as important as design and construction. It was Smeaton's desire that practising professional engineers should dine together — so that they might get to know one another better and thereby avoid potential hostility that might arise in their public dealings — that spawned the formation of the Society of Civil Engineers in 1771. While the Society remains as a social society today, It is true that the concept of co-operation in competition between engineers led to the founding of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1818.

Результаты (русский) 1:

Джон Smeaton — первый гражданский инженер John Smeaton first described himself as a civil engineer in 1768. In doing so, he Identified a new profession that was distinct from that of the military engineers who, since ancient times, had undertaken the construction of all public infrastructure. Thus, at the time, civil engineering encompassed all non-military engineering. Although in 1847, after a frenzy of railway construction, mechanical engineering bifurcated from civil engineering as an independent discipline. An innovative and intelligent man, Smeaton remains one of the most revered professionals of engineering and is regarded as the father of the civil engineering profession. The son of a Yorkshire lawyer, John Smeaton was born in 1724, in Austhorpe, Leeds, UK. Before his 16th birthday, while still at school, his talent for engineering and use of mechanical tools possessed him to assemble a turning-lathe. Smeaton proceeded to become an instrument-maker. His research into windmills, watermills and other sources of power resulted, in 1754, in a systematic set of scientific expenments that made it clear that an overshot waterwheel is more efficient than an undershot wheel. In 1756 the President of the Royal Society famously charged Smeaton with the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse, a structure requued to warn ships away from the Eddystone rocks, 14 miles southwest of Plymouth. Smeaton's design, which remains a symbol of the profession, was completed in 1759 and lasted until 1881. Smeaton's Industry resulted in two developments that made an important contribution to the success of the Eddystone Lighthouse. First, he used a new kind of interlocking stone construction, and second, he developed a water-resistant (hydraulic) mortar to bind the blocks together by mixing blue lime and pozzolanic material from Italy. Smeaton's observation that the best hydraulic cements were those made from limestone containing certain proportions of clayey material are regarded as the starting point of the modem engineering use of cement and concrete. Today Smeaton remains one of civil engineering heavy-weights — the breadth and depth of his Influence are phenomenal. In his career, Smeaton designed the first successful Eddystone Lighthouse, greatly improved on Newcomen's steam engine, and designed windmills, watermills, canals and bridges. John Smeaton died on the 28 October, 1792. His enduring legacy is more than the engineering works, some of which remain as monuments to the great man himself. Not only is he widely regarded as the founder of the civil engineering profession, but his methods of construction site management and supervision are still in use today. John Smeaton clearly understood that managing people correctly was as important as design and construction. It was Smeaton's desire that practising professional engineers should dine together — so that they might get to know one another better and thereby avoid potential hostility that might arise in their public dealings — that spawned the formation of the Society of Civil Engineers in 1771. While the Society remains as a social society today, It is true that the concept of co-operation in competition between engineers led to the founding of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1818.

Результаты (русский) 2:

Джон Смитон - Первый инженер Джон Смитон впервые описал себя как инженер-строитель в 1768 году В этом он выделил новую профессию, которая была отличается от военных инженеров, которые, начиная с древних времен, проделанной за строительство всех общественных инфраструктура. Таким образом, в то время, строительные охватывает все без военной техники. Хотя в 1847 году, после того, как безумие железнодорожного строительства, машиностроения раздвоенный от гражданского строительства в качестве самостоятельной дисциплины. Инновационная и умный человек, Смитон остается одним из самых почитаемых профессионалов техники и рассматривается как отец инженерной профессии гражданского. Сын адвоката Йоркшир, Джон Смитон родился в 1724 году, в Austhorpe, Лидс, Великобритания. Перед 16-летие, в то время как еще в школе, его талант для проектирования и использования механических инструментов обладал его собрать поворотный станок. Смитон приступил стать инструментом-мейкера. Его исследования в ветряные мельницы, водяные мельницы и другие источники энергии привело, в 1754 году, на систематической набора научных expenments, которые сделали это ясно, что промахнулся водяного является более эффективным, чем перекус колеса. В 1756 году президент Королевского общества лихо взимается Смитон со строительством Маяк Eddystone, структуры requued предупредить корабли подальше от скал Eddystone, в 14 милях к юго-западу Плимут. Дизайн Смитон, которая остается символом профессии, был завершен в 1759 году и продолжалось до тех пор, 1881. Индустрия Смитона не привели в двух событиях, которые внесли значительный вклад в успех Маяк Eddystone. Во-первых, он использовал новый тип блокировки каменного строительства, а во-вторых, он разработал водостойкий (гидравлический) раствор, чтобы связать блоки вместе путем смешивания извести и голубой пуццолана из Италии. Наблюдение Смитона что лучшие гидравлические цементы были те из известняка, содержащего определенные пропорции глинистом веществе рассматриваются в качестве отправной точки модема инженерной использования цемента и бетона. Сегодня Смитон остается одним из инженерных тяжеловесов - широта и глубина его влияния феноменальны. В своей карьере, Смитон разработан первый успешный Маяк Eddystone, значительно улучшил паровой двигатель Ньюкомена, и предназначен ветряные мельницы, водяные мельницы, каналы и мосты. Джон Смитон умер на 28 октября, 1792. Его непреходящее наследие более чем инженерных работ, некоторые из которых остаются как памятники великим человеком. Он не только широко рассматривается как основатель профессии инженера гражданской, но его методы управления строительной площадке и надзора все еще ​​находятся в использовании сегодня. Джон Смитон четко понимать, что управление людьми правильно было также важно, как проектирование и строительство. Это было желание Смитона, что практикующие профессиональные инженеры должны пообедать вместе - так, чтобы они могли узнать друг друга лучше, и тем самым избежать потенциального враждебности, которые могли бы возникнуть в своих публичных отношениях, - что породила формирование общества гражданских инженеров в 1771 году В то время как Общество остается социального общества сегодня, это правда, что концепция сотрудничества в конкуренции между инженерами привело к созданию института гражданских инженеров в 1818 году.