MEMORY OR STORAGE UNIT The part of

MEMORY OR STORAGE UNIT

The part of a digital computer which stores information is called storage
or memory. The computer’s memory stores the numbers to be operated on; it
stores intermediate results that are generated during the course of a computation;
and it stores the final results. The instructions themselves are also stored in the
computer’s memory. There are two important factors about the memory unit: an access time
and a capacity. The time required to transmit one computer word out of the
memory to where it will be used is called the memory access time; it usually
amounts to a few millionths of a second or less in modern fast computers. The
speed of modern computers is the speed of access to their memories. The
capacity of a computer is the quantity of data that its memory unit can hold.
There are many ways of memorizing information in memory cells of a
digital computer. External memory or storage units may use magnetic tapes,
magnetic drums, magnetic disks and floppy disks. The magnetic drum and
magnetic disk are called a Direct Access, or Random Access, Storage Device
(DASD).
The magnetic disk is very similar to the magnetic drum but is based upon
the use of a flat disk with a series of concentric circles of magnetizable material,
one read/write head being for each track. Memory units on magnetic disks may
store more than 100,000,000 bytes.
Internal or main memory units were constructed of magnetic cores about 8
hundredths of an inch in diameter, each core storing one «yes» or «no», that is,
each core representing one bit of information.
Information that is stored inside a computer is stored in registers, electronic
units of hardware in which the positioning of physical objects stores
information. Each register holds one machine word consisting usually of 32 bits
or 4 bytes. Registers hold information temporarily during processing. The
slower models of registers use magnetic cores; the faster models use special
electronic circuits or film memory devices.
Usually the registers are of three types:
1. General-Purpose Registers are sixteen registers, each being able to
contain one word. These registers are used for storing the integer operands
taking part in binary arithmetic operations.
2. Floating-Point Registers are four registers, each being able to contain a
doubleword. These registers hold the operands taking part in arithmetic
operations on floating-point numbers.
3. Control Registers form a group of registers differing from one model to
another.
The development of semiconductor integration technology has led to
creation of memories on LSI circuits. For constructing memory units on LSI
circuits either bipolar or MOS memory are used. The access time of bipolar
memory is about 100 nanoseconds, while the access time of MOS memory is
500 nanoseconds. But on the other hand the density of memorizing elements
allocation in the latter is very high and amounts to 4 thousand memorizing
elements for one chip. The latest achievements of modern electronics is creation
of memories on electronic circuits made by spaying layers of different
memorizing materials. Nowadays the main memory RAM which is regularly used in
microcomputers can accept new instructions or information from a peripheral
device. Terms synonymous with the computer’s working memory RAM are:
core, core storage, main memory, main storage, primary storage, read/write
memory. Other memories. Such as ROM or PROM, which are used in
microcomputers as well, store instructions or information permanently. ROM,
PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM are all together called firmware which is ‘hard’
software.

Результаты (русский) 3:

Памяти или устройство хранения ветровому часть цифровой компьютер, на котором хранится информация называется storage
или памяти. В памяти ЭБУ сохраняет номера будет работать на; она
сохраняет промежуточные результаты, которые генерируются в ходе вычислений;
и сохраняет окончательных результатов. Инструкции себя, также сохраняются в
памяти компьютера.