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Римляне были первыми, чтобы урегулировать и занимают кельтской крепости Londinium. Строительство моста в 100 г. н.э. сделал Лондон важным соединением: вскоре он стал посёлок занят коммерческой и административной, и в 2 в. до Н.Э. была построена стена вокруг города.Упал Римской империи в v веке. Лондон сохранили свою торговую деятельность. В IX веке датский захватчиков уничтожил большую часть города. Они последовали от саксонцев под руководством короля Альфреда Великого, который вошел в город в 886. Датчане остается мощной силой в Англии, однако, и он не был до правления Эдуарда Исповедника, который начался в 1042, что гражданская стабильность была восстановлена, чтобы быть укрепил нормандского завоевания в 1066 году.William завоеватель ставящего свою власть в Лондонский Тауэр, и его Белая башня по-прежнему является сердцем этого впечатляющего памятника.Город скоро организации своей экономической мощи с политической независимости. В конце XII века он избрал свой собственный Лорд-мэр. От 1351 он избрал свой собственный совет, и к концу XIV века правящий суверен не может войти в город без разрешения.В царствование Елизаветы я имел искусство эпохи ренессанса с такой большой драматургов, как Шекспир, Марлоу и Бен Jonson.In 1665, London had been devastated first by the Great Plague, and then by the Fire of London, which destroyed most of the city the following year. During the reconstruction of the city, following the original street pattern, the architect Sir Christopher Wren was given responsibility for the design of a number of State-funded buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral.The western part of London was developed under the Hanoverian Kings: great squares were laid out such as those of Grosvenor, Cavendish, Berkeley, and Hanover, and more bridges were built across the river. Public services were improved, such as the water supply and sewerage systems, and the streets were paved.In the 19th century London's population began to rise still more rapidly: it increased sixfold over the century as a whole, thanks to influx from all over the British Isles, from Britain's colonies, and from continental Europe. The Industrial Revolution was creating huge numbers of jobs, but never enough to satisfy the hopes of all the poor people who came to the capital. The novels of Charles Dickens tell us about the social problems of that period.The First World War had little effect on London, but the Depression that followed in the late 1920s and early 1930s hit the whole country, including the capital. There were hunger marches and riots. London was to pay far more dearly during World War II. The intensive bombing of London (The Blitz) in 1940-1941 took the lives of 10,000 people and left 17,000 injured. Countless historic buildings were damaged, including the Houses of Parliament.After the war London was to re-emerge as a radically different city. The docks had been so severely damaged that reconstruction, a very expensive process, was not reasonable. By the end of the 1950s most of the war damage had been repaired. New skyscrapers were built, outdoing each other in height and spectacular design. The 30-storey Post Office Tower was built in 1965. It is 189 m high. Other significant post-war developments include the 183 m National Westminster Bank Building (1979); and Britain's highest building, the 244 m Canary Wharf Tower on the Docklands site, near to a new City airport.
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