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The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8½ metres in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract. The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste. The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity. From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach. The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21 -25 cm in length, 8-9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 1 (litres). The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is located in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The large intestine is the last part of the alimentary tract. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body. It is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into caecum, colon and rectum. Печень является крупнейшим железа в организме человека. Он находится в правой верхней части брюшной полости под диафрагмой. Вес печени составляет 1500 g. Этот орган играет важную роль в метаболизме и имеет ряд функций в организме, в том числе гликогена, разложение красных кровяных клеток, синтез белков плазмы, производство гормонов и детоксикации. Желчного пузыря является полых мешка, лежа на нижней поверхности печени, где хранится желчи, прежде чем он выпустил в тонкой кишке. Поджелудочной железы является длинный тонкий железы лежа позади желудка.
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