The mixed economy ( Page 21-22) Mos

The mixed economy ( Page 21-22)
Most economists would say that there are no examples in the world today of a completely free market or a completely controlled economy. Instead, every country operates a mixture of the two systems. Even in the freest economies, like the USA, there is some government control; even in the strictest planned economy there is some free enterprise.
Economies mix government control and free market values in different ways. One way is to let privately owned businesses exist alongside state run industries. The economy becomes divided between the state sector and the private sector The state sector often includes industries that the government thinks are important and need protection from the risks of the free market These could include public transport, hospitals, schools and the postal service. The state sector can also include large industries that are important for a country's economic health, such as oil, steel or agriculture. These are sometimes called primary industries because they provide basic materials to manufacturers.
These state sector industries use money that the government collects in taxes. Often they do not need to compete with other companies because no other company is allowed to provide the same product or service. However, many countries have recently started a process called deregulation.
Deregulation means reorganization of the economic structure within which private businesses are allowed to compete with state-run industries. The state sector should then run more efficiently in order to compete in the free market and because it now has less government protection
Deregulation of services like telecommunications, transport and banking has happened in many countries in recent years. People have generally accepted these changes. However, generally the public is less happy when governments start talking about deregulation in education and health services. Many people feel that profit motivation will harm these services rather than improve them.
Another way in which economies today are mixed is that governments put limits on free enterprise. For example, governments may decide to ban trade in certain goods if they are dangerous. They may also create laws to make sure companies trade honestly or to prevent monopolies. If a company has a monopoly, normal market forces do not affect it. This is bad for consumers and the economy in general. Governments may also regulate methods of production. They do this to guarantee that products are safe consumers and to protect the environment.
Many economists would argue that the mixed economy is the best system for consumers. This is because consumers have two ways to control the economy: by choosing to by a company's goods or services and by choosing to give political parties their votes.

Результаты (африкаанс) 1:

Die gemengde ekonomie (bladsy 21-22)
Die meeste ekonome sou sê dat daar geen voorbeelde in die wêreld vandag 'n heeltemal vrye mark of 'n heeltemal beheer ekonomie. In plaas daarvan, elke land bedryf 'n mengsel van die twee stelsels. Selfs in die vryste ekonomieë, soos die VSA, is daar 'n paar regering beheer; selfs in die strengste beplande ekonomie is daar 'n paar vrye onderneming.
Ekonomieë meng regering beheer en vryemark waardes op verskillende maniere. Een manier is om jou te laat in private besit besighede bestaan naas staatsbeheerde bedrywe. Die ekonomie raak verdeel tussen die staatsektor en die private sektor die staat sektor sluit dikwels nywerhede wat die regering dink is belangrik en moet die beskerming van die risiko's van die vrye mark Dit kan openbare vervoer, hospitale, skole en die posdiens in te sluit. Die staat sektor kan ook groot nywerhede wat belangrik is vir ekonomiese gesondheid van 'n land se, soos olie, staal of landbou. Dit is soms genoem primêre nywerhede omdat hulle basiese materiale om vervaardigers.
Hierdie staat sektor nywerhede gebruik geld wat die regering versamel in belasting. Dikwels is hulle hoef nie te kompeteer met ander maatskappye, omdat daar geen ander maatskappy toegelaat word om dieselfde produk of diens te lewer. Tog het baie lande het onlangs begin met 'n proses genaamd deregulering.
Deregulering beteken herorganisasie van die ekonomiese struktuur waarbinne private ondernemings word toegelaat om te kompeteer met staatsbeheerde bedrywe.
Die staat sektor moet dan loop meer doeltreffend om mee te ding in die vrye mark en omdat dit nou minder regering beskerming Deregulering van dienste soos telekommunikasie, het vervoer en bankwese in baie lande gebeur het in die afgelope jaar. Mense het oor die algemeen hierdie veranderinge aanvaar. Maar oor die algemeen die publiek is minder gelukkig wanneer regerings begin praat oor deregulering in die onderwys en gesondheidsdienste. Baie mense voel dat wins motivering hierdie dienste sal benadeel eerder as om dit te verbeter.
Nog 'n manier waarop ekonomieë vandag gemeng is dat regerings sit beperkings op vrye onderneming. Byvoorbeeld, kan regerings besluit om die handel in sekere goedere te verbied as hulle gevaarlik is. Hulle kan ook wette om seker maatskappye handel eerlik te maak skep of om monopolieë te voorkom. As 'n maatskappy het 'n monopolie, normale markkragte het geen invloed op dit. Dit is sleg vir verbruikers en die ekonomie in die algemeen. Regerings kan ook reguleer metodes van produksie. Hulle doen dit om te verseker dat produkte is veilig verbruikers en die omgewing te beskerm.
Baie ekonome sou argumenteer dat die gemengde ekonomie is die beste stelsel vir verbruikers. Dit is omdat verbruikers het twee maniere om die ekonomie te beheer: deur die keuse om deur goedere en dienste 'n maatskappy se en deur die keuse van politieke partye hul stemme gee.