(4) Many prominent criminologists o

(4) Many prominent criminologists of the 19th century, particularly those associated with the Socialist movement, attributed crime mainly to the influence of poverty. They pointed out that persons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offences. The incidence of crime especially tends to rise in times of widespread unemployment. Present-day criminologists take a broader and deeper view; they place the blame for most crimes on the whole range of environmental conditions associated with poverty. The living conditions of the poor, particularly of those in slums, are characterized by overcrowding, lack of privacy, inadequate play space and recreational facilities, and poor sanitation. Such conditions engender feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and are conducive to crime as a means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the better way of life made possible by crime.
Some theorists relate the incidence of crime to the general state of a culture, especially the impact of economic crises, wars, and revolutions and the general sense of insecurity and uprootedness to which these forces give rise. As a society becomes more unsettled and its people more restless and fearful of the future, the crime rate tends to rise. This is particularly true of juvenile crime, as the experience of the United States since World War II has made evident.
(5) The final major group of theories are psychological and psychiatric. Studies by such 20th century investigators as the American criminologist Bernard Glueck and the British psychiatrist William Healy indicated that about one-fourth of a typical convict population is psychotic, neurotic, or emotionally unstable and another one-fourth is mentally deficient. These emotional and mental conditions do not automatically make people criminals, but do, it is believed, make them more prone to criminality. Recent studies of criminals have thrown further light on the kinds of emotional disturbances that may lead to criminal behavior.
​(6) Since the mid-20th century, the notion that crime can be explained by any single theory has fallen into disfavour among investigators. Instead, experts incline to so-called multiple factor, or multiple causation theories. They reason that crime springs from a multiplicity of conflicting and converging influences — biological, psychological, cultural, economic and political. The multiple causation explanations seem more credible than the earlier, simpler theories. An understanding of the causes of crime is still elusive, however, because the interrelationship of causes is difficult to determine.

Результаты (русский) 1:

(4) Many prominent criminologists of the 19th century, particularly those associated with the Socialist movement, crime attributed mainly to the influence of poverty. They pointed out that persons who are unable to adequately provide for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offences. The incidence data of crime especially tends to rise in times of widespread unemployment. Present-day criminologists take a broader and deeper view; they place the blame for most crimes on the whole range of environmental conditions associated with poverty. The living conditions of the poor, particularly of those in slums, are characterized by overcrowding, lack of privacy, inadequate play space and recreational facilities, and poor sanitation. Such conditions engender feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and are conducive to crime as a means of escape. The feeling is would refer by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the better way of life made possible by crime. Some theorists relate the incidence data of crime to the general state of a culture, especially the impact of economic crises, wars, and revolutions and the general sense of insecurity and uprootedness to which these forces give rise. As a society becomes more unsettled and its people more restless and fearful of the future, the crime rate tends to rise. This is particularly true of juvenile crime, as the experience of the United States since World War II has made evident.(5) The final major group of theories are psychological and psychiatric. Studies by such 20th century investigators as the American criminologist Bernard Glueck and the British psychiatrist William Healy indicated that about one-fourth of a typical convict population is psychotic, through neurotic, or emotionally unstable and another one-fourth is mentally deficient. These emotional and mental conditions do not automatically make people criminals, but do, it is believed, make them more prone to criminality. Recent studies of criminals have thrown further light on the kinds of emotional disturbances that may lead to criminal behavior.(6) Since the mid-20th century, the notion that crime can be explained by any single theory has fallen into disfavour among investigators. Instead, experts incline to the so-called multiple factor or multiple causation theories. They reason that crime springs from a multiplicity of conflicting and converging influences — biological, psychological, cultural, economic and political. The multiple causation explanations seem more credible than the earlier, simpler theories. An understanding of the causes of crime is still elusive, however, because the interrelationship of causes is difficult to determine.

Результаты (русский) 2:

(4) Many prominent criminologists of the 19th century, particularly those associated with the Socialist movement, attributed crime mainly to the influence of poverty. They pointed out that persons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offences. The incidence of crime especially tends to rise in times of widespread unemployment. Present-day criminologists take a broader and deeper view; they place the blame for most crimes on the whole range of environmental conditions associated with poverty. The living conditions of the poor, particularly of those in slums, are characterized by overcrowding, lack of privacy, inadequate play space and recreational facilities, and poor sanitation. Such conditions engender feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and are conducive to crime as a means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the better way of life made ​​possible by crime.
Some theorists relate the incidence of crime to the general state of a culture, especially the impact of economic crises, wars, and revolutions and the general sense of insecurity and uprootedness to which these forces give rise. As a society becomes more unsettled and its people more restless and fearful of the future, the crime rate tends to rise. Is particularly true This of juvenile crime, as the experience of the United States since World War II has made ​​evident.
(5) The final major group of theories are psychological and psychiatric. Studies by such 20th century investigators as the American criminologist Bernard Glueck and the British psychiatrist William Healy indicated that about one-fourth of a typical convict population is psychotic, neurotic, or emotionally unstable and another one-fourth is mentally deficient. These emotional and mental conditions do not automatically make people criminals, but do, it is believed, make them more prone to criminality. Studies of criminals Recent have thrown further light on the kinds of emotional disturbances that may lead to criminal behavior.
(6) Since the mid-20th century, the notion that crime can be explained by any single theory has fallen into disfavour among investigators. Instead, experts incline to so-called multiple factor, or multiple causation theories. They reason that crime springs from a multiplicity of conflicting and converging influences - biological, psychological, cultural, economic and political. The multiple causation explanations seem more credible than the earlier, simpler theories. An understanding of the causes of crime is still elusive, however, because the interrelationship of causes is difficult to determine.

Результаты (русский) 3:

(4), многие видные криминологов из XIX века, особенно тех, которые связаны с социалистического движения, отнести преступления, главным образом, влияние нищеты.они отметили, что лица, которые не в состоянии обеспечить необходимую для них самих и их семей посредством обычных правовых каналов нередко вынуждены хищения, кражи со взломом, проституции и других преступлениях.число преступлений, особенно обычно растет во время массовой безработицы.в настоящее время криминологов принять более широкий и глубокий взгляд; они возлагают вину за большинство преступлений по всему диапазону экологических условий, связанных с нищетой.условия жизни населения, особенно тех, кто в трущобах, характеризуются переполненностью камер, отсутствие личной жизни,недостаточно игрового пространства и рекреационных объектов, и антисанитария.такие условия порождают чувства обездоленности и безнадежности и способствующих преступности как средства для побега.ощущение, что вдохновляет пример тех, кто бежал на то, что, как представляется, лучше жизни стало возможным в результате преступления.
некоторые теоретики касаются масштабов преступности для общего состояния культуры, особенно последствий экономического кризиса, войны и революции и общее ощущение отсутствия безопасности и uprootedness этих сил вызвать.как общество становится все более неустойчивой, и его люди более беспокойным, и они боятся будущего, уровень преступности имеет тенденцию к увеличению.особенно это касается детской преступности,как опыт соединенных штатов после второй мировой войны был со всей очевидностью.
(5) заключительный основной группе теории, психологическая и психиатрическая.исследования, такие, как американский хх века следователей криминалиста бернард глюка и британский психиатр уильям хили сообщила, что около четверти населения является типичным осужденного невроз, нервная,или эмоционально нестабильного и еще одна четвертая является психически нездоровым.эти эмоциональные и психические заболевания, автоматически не делают людей преступников, но, по слухам, сделать их более склонны к уголовной ответственности.недавние исследования преступники бросили дополнительный свет на те эмоциональные расстройства, которые могут привести к преступному поведению.
​ (6), поскольку в середине XX века,о том, что преступление можно объяснить какой - либо одной теории упало в немилости у следователей.напротив, эксперты склоняются к так называемой многочисленных факторов, или нескольких причин теорий.они пришли к выводу, что преступление - спрингс из множества противоречащих друг другу и сближение влияние - биологические, психологические, культурной, экономической и политической.многочисленные причинно - следственная связь объяснения кажутся более надежным, чем ранее, проще теории.понимание причин преступности по - прежнему недостижимым, однако, потому что взаимосвязь причин определить трудно.