. Planned economies are sometimes c

. Planned economies are sometimes called “command economies” because the state commands the use of resources (such as labour and factories) that are used to produce goods and services as it owns factories, land and natural resources. Planned economies are economies with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions, the government decides production and consumption. The actual system employed varies from state to state, but command or planned economies have a number of common features.
5. Firstly, the state decides precisely what the nation is to produce. It usually plans five years head. It is the intention of the planners that there should be enough goods and services for all.
6. Secondly, industries are asked to comply with these plans and each industry and factory is set a production target to meet. If each factory and farm meets its target, then the state will meet its targets as set out in the five –year plans.
7. A planned economy is simple to understand but not simple to operate. It does, however, have a number of advantages.
8. Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living.
9. Nations do not waste resources duplicating production.
10. The state can use its control of the economy to divert resources to wherever it wants. As a result, it can ensure that everyone receives a good education, proper health care or that transport is available. Several disadvantages also exist. It is these disadvantages that have led to many nations abandoning planned economies over recent years:
11. There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned economies.
12. Any profits that are made are paid to the government.
13. Citizens cannot start their own businesses and so new ideas rarely come forward.
14. As a result, industries in planned economies can be very inefficient.
15. A major problem faced by command or planned economies is that of deciding what to produce. Command economies tend to be stow when responding to changes in people’s tastes and fashions. Planners are likely to underproduce some items as they cannot predict changes in demand. Some products, which consumers regard as obsolete and unattractive, may be overproduced. This leads to delays and queues for some products.

Результаты (русский) 1:

. Planned economies are sometimes called “command economies” because the state commands the use of resources (such as labour and factories) that are used to produce goods and services as it owns factories, land and natural resources. Planned economies are economies with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions, the government decides production and consumption. The actual system employed varies from state to state, but command or planned economies have a number of common features. 5. Firstly, the state decides precisely what the nation is to produce. It usually plans five years head. It is the intention of the planners that there should be enough goods and services for all. 6. Secondly, industries are asked to comply with these plans and each industry and factory is set a production target to meet. If each factory and farm meets its target, then the state will meet its targets as set out in the five –year plans. 7. A planned economy is simple to understand but not simple to operate. It does, however, have a number of advantages. 8. Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living. 9. Nations do not waste resources duplicating production. 10 государство может использовать свой контроль экономики отвлекать ресурсы там, где он хочет. В результате она может обеспечить, что каждый получает хорошее образование, надлежащего медицинского обслуживания или что транспорт доступен. Существуют также некоторые недостатки. Это, что эти недостатки, которые привели к многие страны отказаться от планируемой экономикой в последние годы: 11. нет никаких стимулов для людей, чтобы работать в странах с планируемой экономикой. 12. любые прибыли, которые сделаны выплачиваются правительству. 13. граждане не могут начать свое собственное дело, и поэтому новые идеи редко приходят вперед. 14. В результате отраслей в странах с планируемой экономикой может быть весьма неэффективным. 15. одной из основных проблем, стоящих перед командой или планируемой экономики является то, что решать, что для производства. Командной экономики, как правило, следует складировать при реагировании на изменения во вкусах людей и моды. Планировщики, скорее всего underproduce некоторые элементы, как они не могут предсказать изменения спроса. Некоторые продукты, которые потребители рассматривают как устаревшие и непривлекательными, может быть overproduced. Это приводит к задержкам и очередей для некоторых продуктов.