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Organ Basic facts
The Trusteeship
Council
was established to _________ the observance and implementation
of the ideas of _________ in a newly formed countries and to
monitor the election campaign in those countries
The International
Court of Justice decides disputes between countries
The Secretariat is headed by the ___________
carries _________ administrative work
The United Nations has six main organs. Five of them – the General
Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship
Council and the Secretariat – are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The
sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located in the Hague, the Netherlands.
The General Assembly
All UN Member States are represented in the General Assembly – a kind of
parliament of nations which meets to consider the world’s most pressing problems.
Each Member State has one vote. Decisions on “important matters”, such as
international peace and security, admitting new members, the UN budget and
the budget of peacekeeping, are decided by two-thirds majority. Other matters
are decided by simple majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made
to reach decisions through consensus, rather than by taking a formal vote.
At its session, the Assembly usually considers more than 170 different topics,
including globalization, nuclear disarmament, development, protection of the
environment and consolidation of new democracies. The Assembly cannot force
action by any state, but its recommendations are an important indication of world
opinion and represent the moral authority of the community of nations.
The Assembly holds an annual regular session from September to December.
The Security Council
The UN Charter gives the Security Council primary responsibility for
maintaining international peace and security. The Council may convene at any
time, day or night, whenever peace is threatened. Under the Charter, all Member
States are obligated to carry out the Council’s decisions.
There are 15 Council members. Five of them – China, France, the Russian
Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States – are permanent members.
The other ten are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms.
Decisions of the Council require nine yes votes. A decision cannot be taken if
there is a no vote, or veto, by a permanent member.
When the Council considers a threat to international peace, it first explores
ways to settle the dispute peacefully. It may send a peacekeeping mission to help
the parties maintain the truce and to keep opposing forces apart. It can impose
economic sanctions or order an arms embargo.
The Council also makes recommendations to the General Assembly on the appointment
of a new Secretary General and on the admission of new Members to the UN.
The Economic and Social Council
The Economic and Social Council coordinates the economic and social work of
the United Nations and the UN family. As the central forum for discussing international
U n i t IV. My Country in the World Community • 85
economic and social issues and for formulating policy recommendations, the Council
plays a key role in fostering international cooperation for development. It also consults
with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), thereby maintaining a vital link
between the United Nations and civil society. Five regional commissions promote
economic development and strengthen economic relations in their respective regions.
The Trusteeship Council
The Trusteeship Council was established to provide international supervision
for 11 Trust Territories administered by 7 Member States and ensure that adequate
steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government or independence.
By 1994 its work was completed, the Trusteeship Council now consists only of
five permanent members of the Security Council. It has amended its rules of
procedure to allow it to meet as and when occasion requires.
The International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice, also known as the World Court, is the
main judicial organ of the UN. Consisting of 15 judges elected by the General
Assembly and the Security Council, the Court settles disputes between countries.
Participation by States in a proceeding is voluntary. The Court also provides
advisory opinions to the General Assembly and the Security Council upon request.
The Secretariat
The Secretariat carries out the administrative work of the United Nations as
directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the other organs. At
its head is the Secretary General, who provides overall administrative guidance.
The Secretariat consists of departments and offices with a total stuff of about
8,900 under the regular budget, drawn from some 160 countries.
& Text 3. The UN SYSTEM
The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank group and twelve other
independent organizations known as “specialized agencies” are linked to the UN
through cooperative agreements. These agencies, among them the World Health
Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization, are autonomous
bodies created by intergovernmental agreement. They have wide-ranging
international responsibilities in the economic, social, cultural, educational, health
UN Family
UNO IMF
ICAO
UNHCR
UNICEF
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