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62 63EDWARD JOHNSTON, HENRY BECK, AND THE LONDON UNDERGROUNDUNDERGROUND TYPEFACELondon, United KingdomEdward Johnston (1872–1944), DesignerSan José, Uruguay1916In 1908, Frank Pick (1878–1941) was appointed publicity officer for the London Underground and in the following two decades drastically improved its overall visual appearance, adver-tising, and public information system. During his tenure, he commissioned some of the most influential artists and designers of the modern era, including renowned British typographer Edward Johnston (1872–1944), who designed the system’s famous roundel symbol (1918) and its unifying typeface. This typeface, used exten-sively throughout the railway system, became an integral part of London’s built environment and is still evident today. Edward Johnston was a man of letters—master calligrapher, letterer, educator, author, and typeface designer. He was born in San José, Uruguay, in 1872, and as a young man, aban-doned his early studies in medicine at Edinburgh University to pursue his passion for lettering and calligraphy. In 1898, he began teaching at the Central School of Arts and Crafts and then at the Royal College of Art in London, where he influenced and inspired many early-twentieth-century calligraphers and type designers, including his student—sculptor, stonecutter, and type designer Eric Gill (1882–1940). He is most famous for his epoch-making sans-serif шрифт, который он предназначен для Лондонского метро, а также для создания его знаменитый roundel символ, используемые Железнодорожная система. Его влиятельный Джонстон шрифт, также известный как подземные (1916), изменено направление и восприятие современного Типография в XX веке и про-vided вдохновение для целого ряда последующих
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