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In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to the Unit ed Nations Charter. The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through internationalcooperation and collective security.Today,nearlyeverynationin the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals 189 countries. AllUN Member States are representedin theGeneral Assembly —a kind of parliament of nations, which meetstoconsidertheworld’smostpressing problems. Each Member Statehasone vote. Decisionson “important matters”, such as international peace and security, admitting new members, the UN budget and the budget for peacekeep ing, are decided by two-thirdsmajority. Other matters are decided by simple majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made to reach decisions through consensus, rather than by taking a formal vote.The Assembly holds its annual regular session from September to December. When necessary, it may resume its session, or hold a special or emergency session on subjects of particular concern. When the Assemblyis not meeting, its six main committees,other subsidiarybodiesand the UN Secretariat carry out its work.
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