What is inside a PC system? Process

What is inside a PC system?
Processing
The nerve centre of a PC is the processor, also called the CPU, or central processing unit. This is built into a single chip which executes program instructions and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system.The chip itself is a small piece of silicon with a complex electrical circuit 5 called an integrated circuit
The processor consists of three main parts:
The control unit examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components – monitor, disk drives, etc. – to execute the functions specified.
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs mathematical calculations (+, -, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT).
The registers are. high-speed units of memory used to store and control data. One of the registers (the program counter, or PC) keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main memory. The other (the instruction register, or IR) holds the instruction that is being executed.
The power and performance of a computer is partly determined by the speed of its processor. A system clock sends out signals at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data. Clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz). For example, a CPU running at 4GHz (four thousand million hertz, or cycles, per 20 second) will enable your PC to handle the most demanding applications.
RAM and ROM
The programs and data which pass through the processor must be loaded into the main memory in order to be processed. Therefore, when the user runs a program, the CPU looks for it on the hard disk and transfers a copy into the RAM chips. RAM (random access memory) is volatile – that is, its information is lost when 25 the computer is turned off. However, ROM (read only memory) is non-volatile, containing instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU. The BIOS (basic input/output system) uses ROM to control communication with peripherals.
RAM capacity can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in 30 small circuit boards called dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs).

Buses and cards
The main circuit board inside your system is called the motherboard and contains the processor, the memory chips, expansions slots, and controllers for peripherals, connected by buses – electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate with each other. For example, the front 35 side bus carries all data that passes from the CPU to other devices.
The size of a bus, called bus width, determines how much data can be transmitted. It can be compared to the number of lanes on a motorway – the larger the width, the more data can travel along the bus. For example, a 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.
Expansion slots allow users to install expansion cards, adding features like sound, memory and network capabilities.

Результаты (узбекский) 1:

Nima? A Kompyuter tizimi ichida
ishlash
kompyuterga nerv markazi protsessor hisoblanadi, shuningdek CPU, yoki markaziy ishlash birligi deb ataladi. Ushbu dastur ko'rsatmalarni ijro va o'zi 5, integratsiya pallasida deb nomlangan murakkab elektr pallasida bilan kremniy kichik bir parcha bo'lgan kompyuter tizimiga jip ichida sodir faoliyatini muvofiqlashtiradi bir jip ichiga qurilgan
protsessor uch asosiy qismdan iborat:
nazorat birligi, foydalanuvchi dasturda ko'rsatmalarni tekshiradi har bir ta'lim izoh va davrlari va komponentlarini qolgan sabab - monitor, disk drayverlarga, va hokazo -. ko'rsatilgan vazifalarni amalga oshirish uchun
arifmetik mantiq birligi (olish) (matematik hisoblar amalga oshiradi +, -., va hokazo) va mantiqiy operatsiyalar (AND, OR, NOT)
reestrlarini bor. xotira yuqori tezlikda ta saqlash va nazorat ma'lumotlar uchun ishlatiladi. Registrlaridagi (dastur counter, yoki kompyuter) biri keyingi ta'lim iz asosiy xotirasida amalga oshiriladi tutadi. (ko'rsatmasi reestri yoki IQ) boshqa. borilayotgan ta'lim tutgan
qisman uning protsessor tezligi bilan belgilanadi kuch va kompyuter ishlash. A tizim soat o'lchash va ma'lumotlar oqimini sinxronlashtirish uchun sobit vaqti bilan signallari yuboradi. Clock tezligi gigahertz (gigagertsli) o'lchanadi. Misol uchun, bir CPU. Eng talabchan dasturlar qilish uchun kompyuter beradi (20 soniyada to'rt ming million Xertz, yoki ko'chadan) 4GHZ ishlaydigan
ROM va RAM
asosiy ichiga o'rnatilgan bo'lishi kerak protsessor o'tib dasturlari va ma'lumotlar tartibda xotira qayta ishlash uchun. Foydalanuvchi bilan dastur ishlaydi Shuning uchun, CPU qattiq diskdan buning uchun ko'rinadi va RAM chiplari bir nusxasini beradi. RAM (Random Access memory) uchuvchi bo'lgan - 25 kompyuter o'chirilgan paytda, ya'ni, uning axborot yo'qoladi. Shu bilan birga, ROM (faqat xotira o'qish) CPU asosiy operatsiyalari uchun ko'rsatmalarga va muolajalarni o'z ichiga olgan, non-uchuvchi bo'lgan. BIOS (asosiy kirish / chiqish tizimi) atrof-muhit birliklari bilan muloqot nazorat qilish ROM foydalanadi.
RAM quvvati odatda dual in-line xotira modul (DIMM'ler) deb nomlangan 30 kichik elektron taxtasi tarkibidagi qo'shimcha chiplari, qo'shib kengaytirilgan mumkin. Avtobus va kartalari asosiy Sizning tizimi ichida elektron kartasi anakart deb nomlangan va avtobuslar bilan bog'liq atrof-muhit birliklari, uchun protsessor, xotira chiplari, kengaytirish uya va denetleyicilerini o'z ichiga oladi - kompyuterning ichida qurilmalar bir-biri bilan muloqot qilish imkonini beradi elektr kanallari. Misol uchun, old 35 yon avtobus boshqa qurilmalar uchun CPU o'tadi barcha ma'lumotlarni oshiradi. avtobus kengligi deb nomlangan avtobus hajmi, ko'p ma'lumotlar uzatiladi qanday belgilaydi. Bu avtomobil yo'llari soniga nisbatan bo'lishi mumkin - katta kengligi, ko'proq ma'lumot avtobus birga sayr mumkin. Misol uchun, 64-bit bus ma'lumotlar 64 bit uzatish mumkin. kengaytirish uyasi ovoz, xotira va tarmoq qobiliyat kabi xususiyatlari qo'shib, foydalanuvchilar kengaytirish kartalari o'rnatish imkonini beradi.