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The two rails of a track produce a most economical path for the smooth passage of heavily loaded vehicles at great speed. Sleepers or ties hold the two rails at the exact distance or gauge throughout and transfer the loads from the rails to the ballast. The ballast provides a resilient bed, keeps the sleepers in the correct position and at the correct level, distributes the load from the sleepers to a large area on the bed or formation of the track and drains off rainwater. The rails are fixed to the sleepers with various types of fittings, which depend on the type of the rail used, and on various other considerations. The rails, which are manufactured in standard lengths, are joined together with fishplates or joint bars through which fish bolts or track bolts are threaded.<br>The combination of rails, sleepers, fittings, ballast, etc., is known as the track or permanent way.<br>the railroad track of today is quite different from that used in the early days of railways .<br>The first tracks had no ballast the rails were made of wood and rested on heavy blocks of granite.<br>Then the wooden rails were replaced by iron ones, and the granite blocks were replaced by wooden ties or sleepers. This kind of track however was not strong enough for heavy steam trains. The discovery how to make cheap steel was of great importance to the railways for, when placed in the same track steel rails had a life 15 time as long as iron rails. The distance between the rails is called the gauge. The standard gauge in most countries is 1.435 mm while our country the railroads have a gauge of 1.524 mm. <br>레일의 단부가 트랙에 맞는 장소는 레일 조인트로 알려져있다. <br>오메 철도는 두 개 이상의 트랙을 가지고있다. 열차가 한 트랙에서 다른 전달하기 위해서는 철도 트랙의 매우 중요한 요소 인 스위치를 갖는다. <br>철도에 속도를 증가하는 것을 가능하게 한 또 다른 개선은 콘크리트 침목의 사용이다. 철도에 속도를 증가하는 것을 가능하게 한 또 다른 개선은 콘크리트 침목의 사용이다. 따라서 일부 국가에서는, 콘크리트 침목 때문에 자신의 장점을 많이 사용 메인 라인에 나무 사람을 대체했다. 콘크리트 침목은 긴 수명과 나무로 만든 것보다 훨씬 더 큰 무게를 가지고있다. 콘크리트 침목의 더 큰 무게는 트랙의 더 큰 안정성을 제공합니다.
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