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AIR POLLUTION AND SMOG ARE THE PROB
AIR POLLUTION AND SMOG ARE THE PROBLEMS OF MODERN CITIES
The world smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, adding polluting gases.
When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire. In the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense layers of smog. The smog would blanked the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat, generated in large cities traps the smog and holds it over the city.
Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Air pollution has been linked to eczema, asthma, emphysema, cardiovascular difficulties, and lung and stomach cancer. It also has a harmful effects on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Paint may peel from houses. It is obvious that we must do everything possible to reduce man made atmospheric pollutants and smog.
Smog, along with smoke, is the most visible evidence of atmospheric pollution. But some atmospheric pollution is not visible and may not become visible until it is mixed with moisture. Lead compounds from gasoline, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other gases my pollute the air without being seen. All air is pollute to some extent. That is, all air carries some polluting substances. Much of it natural: smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind; compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, and so in. Man adds to these pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline, and many other things.
Let us review what we know about combustion. Most fuels, such as coal, gasoline, and wood, contain hydrogen and carbon in various chemical combinations. During combustion, oxygen unites with hydrogen and carbon to form water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
In addition, many fuels contain sulphur; this burns to produce sulphur oxides. Also, in the heat of combustion, some of the nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Some of the fuel may not burn completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot mixed with air.
Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman, and child in the country!
This man-made pollution is what clean-air laws are aimed at. Consider Los Angeles, a large city set in a basin, with about 7000000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest "smog centres" in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.
Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without pollution controls were outlawed. Industry was forced to change combustion processed and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric pollution in the Los Angeles area.
The world smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, adding polluting gases.
When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire. In the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense layers of smog. The smog would blanked the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat, generated in large cities traps the smog and holds it over the city.
Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Air pollution has been linked to eczema, asthma, emphysema, cardiovascular difficulties, and lung and stomach cancer. It also has a harmful effects on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Paint may peel from houses. It is obvious that we must do everything possible to reduce man made atmospheric pollutants and smog.
Smog, along with smoke, is the most visible evidence of atmospheric pollution. But some atmospheric pollution is not visible and may not become visible until it is mixed with moisture. Lead compounds from gasoline, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other gases my pollute the air without being seen. All air is pollute to some extent. That is, all air carries some polluting substances. Much of it natural: smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind; compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, and so in. Man adds to these pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline, and many other things.
Let us review what we know about combustion. Most fuels, such as coal, gasoline, and wood, contain hydrogen and carbon in various chemical combinations. During combustion, oxygen unites with hydrogen and carbon to form water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
In addition, many fuels contain sulphur; this burns to produce sulphur oxides. Also, in the heat of combustion, some of the nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Some of the fuel may not burn completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot mixed with air.
Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman, and child in the country!
This man-made pollution is what clean-air laws are aimed at. Consider Los Angeles, a large city set in a basin, with about 7000000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest "smog centres" in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.
Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without pollution controls were outlawed. Industry was forced to change combustion processed and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric pollution in the Los Angeles area.
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AIR POLLUTION AND SMOG ARE THE PROBLEMS OF MODERN CITIESThe world smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, adding polluting gases.When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire. In the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense layers of smog. The smog would blanked the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat, generated in large cities traps the smog and holds it over the city.Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Air pollution has been linked to eczema, asthma, emphysema, cardiovascular difficulties, and lung and stomach cancer. It also has a harmful effects on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Paint may peel from houses. It is obvious that we must do everything possible to reduce man made atmospheric pollutants and smog.Smog, along with smoke, is the most visible evidence of atmospheric pollution. But some atmospheric pollution is not visible and may not become visible until it is mixed with moisture. Lead compounds from gasoline, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other gases my pollute the air without being seen. All air is pollute to some extent. That is, all air carries some polluting substances. Much of it natural: smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind; compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, and so in. Man adds to these pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline, and many other things.Let us review what we know about combustion. Most fuels, such as coal, gasoline, and wood, contain hydrogen and carbon in various chemical combinations. During combustion, oxygen unites with hydrogen and carbon to form water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.In addition, many fuels contain sulphur; this burns to produce sulphur oxides. Also, in the heat of combustion, some of the nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Some of the fuel may not burn completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot mixed with air.Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman, and child in the country!This man-made pollution is what clean-air laws are aimed at. Consider Los Angeles, a large city set in a basin, with about 7000000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest "smog centres" in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without pollution controls were outlawed. Industry was forced to change combustion processed and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric pollution in the Los Angeles area.
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AIR POLLUTION AND SMOG ARE THE PROBLEMS OF MODERN CITIES
The world smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, adding polluting gases.
When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire. In the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense layers of smog. The smog would blanked the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat, generated in large cities traps the smog and holds it over the city.
Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Air pollution has been linked to eczema, asthma, emphysema, cardiovascular difficulties, and lung and stomach cancer. It also has a harmful effects on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Paint may peel from houses. It is obvious that we must do everything possible to reduce man made atmospheric pollutants and smog.
Smog, along with smoke, is the most visible evidence of atmospheric pollution. But some atmospheric pollution is not visible and may not become visible until it is mixed with moisture. Lead compounds from gasoline, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other gases my pollute the air without being seen. All air is pollute to some extent. That is, all air carries some polluting substances. Much of it natural: smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind; compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, and so in. Man adds to these pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline, and many other things.
Let us review what we know about combustion. Most fuels, such as coal, gasoline, and wood, contain hydrogen and carbon in various chemical combinations. During combustion, oxygen unites with hydrogen and carbon to form water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
In addition, many fuels contain sulphur; this burns to produce sulphur oxides. Also, in the heat of combustion, some of the nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Some of the fuel may not burn completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot mixed with air.
Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman, and child in the country!
This man-made pollution is what clean-air laws are aimed at. Consider Los Angeles, a large city set in a basin, with about 7000000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest "smog centres" in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.
Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without pollution controls were outlawed. Industry was forced to change combustion processed and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric pollution in the Los Angeles area.
The world smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, adding polluting gases.
When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire. In the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense layers of smog. The smog would blanked the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat, generated in large cities traps the smog and holds it over the city.
Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Air pollution has been linked to eczema, asthma, emphysema, cardiovascular difficulties, and lung and stomach cancer. It also has a harmful effects on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Paint may peel from houses. It is obvious that we must do everything possible to reduce man made atmospheric pollutants and smog.
Smog, along with smoke, is the most visible evidence of atmospheric pollution. But some atmospheric pollution is not visible and may not become visible until it is mixed with moisture. Lead compounds from gasoline, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other gases my pollute the air without being seen. All air is pollute to some extent. That is, all air carries some polluting substances. Much of it natural: smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind; compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, and so in. Man adds to these pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline, and many other things.
Let us review what we know about combustion. Most fuels, such as coal, gasoline, and wood, contain hydrogen and carbon in various chemical combinations. During combustion, oxygen unites with hydrogen and carbon to form water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
In addition, many fuels contain sulphur; this burns to produce sulphur oxides. Also, in the heat of combustion, some of the nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Some of the fuel may not burn completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot mixed with air.
Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman, and child in the country!
This man-made pollution is what clean-air laws are aimed at. Consider Los Angeles, a large city set in a basin, with about 7000000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest "smog centres" in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.
Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without pollution controls were outlawed. Industry was forced to change combustion processed and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric pollution in the Los Angeles area.
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загрязнение воздуха и смога, являются проблемы современного города
мира смог исходит от дыма и тумана.смог - вроде тумана с другими веществами, смешанный с.смог был здесь долгое время.миллиарды лет назад, вулканы отправил миллионы тонн пепла и дыма в воздухе.ветер, собираете облака пыли.животные и растительные вопрос гнилые, добавив, загрязняющих газов.
, когда люди пришли вместе,они начали производить себе подобных загрязнения воздуха.они открыли огонь.в средние века, люди в таких городах, как лондон, используемых льготных угля для обогрева дома.дым от этих пожаров, в сочетании с влаги в воздухе, произведенных в плотные слои смога.смога будет проигнорировали города в последние дни, особенно зимой.жара,подготовлено в крупных городах ловушек смога и держит его за город.
смога и химических веществ и других веществ, в ней может быть вредной, даже смертельно.смог размывает видения.он раздражает глаза, горло, и легкие.глаза водой, горло сердишься, человек кашляет.смог может заставить людей плохо.и это может заставить больных хуже.загрязнение воздуха было связано с экземы, астмы, эмфизема,сердечно - сосудистые проблемы, и легких и рак желудка.она также оказывает вредное воздействие на окружающую среду.продовольственных культур и животные страдают.краска может очистить от дома.очевидно, что мы должны сделать все возможное, чтобы снизить антропогенных атмосферных загрязнителей и смога.
смога, вместе с дымом, является наиболее очевидные признаки загрязнения атмосферы.но некоторые атмосферного загрязнения, не видно и не могут стать видимым до тех пор, пока он смешивается с влажностью.соединения свинца из бензина, углеводородов, моноксида углерода и других газов, моя загрязнять воздух не заметили.все это в определенной степени загрязняют воздух.это все воздушные чревато загрязняющих веществ.сколько это естественно: дым и пепел от извержения вулканов, пыли вызвало ветром;с учетом растущего соединений от растительности, газов, излучается гниению животных и растительных веществ, соли, частицы из океана, и, таким образом, в.человек, добавляет этих загрязнителей, сжигая уголь, нефть, газ, бензин, и много других вещей.
давайте посмотрим, что мы знаем о горения.большинство видов топлива, таких, как уголь, бензин, и дерево, содержит водорода и углерода в различных химических соединений.
мира смог исходит от дыма и тумана.смог - вроде тумана с другими веществами, смешанный с.смог был здесь долгое время.миллиарды лет назад, вулканы отправил миллионы тонн пепла и дыма в воздухе.ветер, собираете облака пыли.животные и растительные вопрос гнилые, добавив, загрязняющих газов.
, когда люди пришли вместе,они начали производить себе подобных загрязнения воздуха.они открыли огонь.в средние века, люди в таких городах, как лондон, используемых льготных угля для обогрева дома.дым от этих пожаров, в сочетании с влаги в воздухе, произведенных в плотные слои смога.смога будет проигнорировали города в последние дни, особенно зимой.жара,подготовлено в крупных городах ловушек смога и держит его за город.
смога и химических веществ и других веществ, в ней может быть вредной, даже смертельно.смог размывает видения.он раздражает глаза, горло, и легкие.глаза водой, горло сердишься, человек кашляет.смог может заставить людей плохо.и это может заставить больных хуже.загрязнение воздуха было связано с экземы, астмы, эмфизема,сердечно - сосудистые проблемы, и легких и рак желудка.она также оказывает вредное воздействие на окружающую среду.продовольственных культур и животные страдают.краска может очистить от дома.очевидно, что мы должны сделать все возможное, чтобы снизить антропогенных атмосферных загрязнителей и смога.
смога, вместе с дымом, является наиболее очевидные признаки загрязнения атмосферы.но некоторые атмосферного загрязнения, не видно и не могут стать видимым до тех пор, пока он смешивается с влажностью.соединения свинца из бензина, углеводородов, моноксида углерода и других газов, моя загрязнять воздух не заметили.все это в определенной степени загрязняют воздух.это все воздушные чревато загрязняющих веществ.сколько это естественно: дым и пепел от извержения вулканов, пыли вызвало ветром;с учетом растущего соединений от растительности, газов, излучается гниению животных и растительных веществ, соли, частицы из океана, и, таким образом, в.человек, добавляет этих загрязнителей, сжигая уголь, нефть, газ, бензин, и много других вещей.
давайте посмотрим, что мы знаем о горения.большинство видов топлива, таких, как уголь, бензин, и дерево, содержит водорода и углерода в различных химических соединений.
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