The United Kingdom is a constitutio

The United Kingdom is a constitutional (or parliamentary) monarchy without a written constitution. The country has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The monarch has very little power and can only reign with the support of parliament. Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the
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government of the country, and they only meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then does it become law. Although a bill must be supported by all three bodies, the House of Lords only has limited powers, and the monarch has not refused to sign one since the modern political system began over 200 years ago. “Her Most Excellent Majesty Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith” is the official Head of State and, for many people, a symbol of the unity of the nation. For a thousand years England (and later the whole of the United Kingdom) has been united under one sovereign. The hereditary principal still operates and the Crown is passed on to the sovereign’s eldest son (or daughter if there are no sons). The Queen has a certain role in state affairs, not only through her ceremonial functions, such as opening Parliament, but also because she meets the Prime Minister every week and receives copies of all Cabinet papers. Functions of the Sovereign are as follows:  opening and closing Parliament;  approving of the appointment of the Prime Minister;  giving her Royal Assent to bills;  Head of the Commonwealth;  Head of the Church of England;  Commander-in-Chief of the armed Forces. The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor, who sits on the Woolsack. The House of Lords like the Monarch has now lost most of its powers and cannot influence the process of decision-making in Parliament. In practice, the powers of the House of Lords have been truncated to limited revising and delaying functions. Members of the House of Lords debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. Changes may be recommended, and agreement between the two Houses is reached by negotiation. The Lord’s main power consists of being able only to delay non-financial bills passed by the House of Commons for a period of a few months, but they can also introduce certain types of bills. One of the oldest functions of the House of Lords is judicial. It works as the highest and final Court of Appeal. The two Houses of Parliament, the Lords and the Commons share the same building, the Palace of Westminster. The House of Commons is made up of 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament, or MPs. The Commons debating chamber, usually called “the House”, and has seats for only about 370 MPs. They are elected by popular vote and represent the counties and borough constituencies.
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The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker. A Speaker is customarily reappointed to his office in each new Parliament. As soon as a party member becomes a Speaker he must abandon party politics. The life of Parliament is divided into periods called “sessions’. A session normally lasts for about a year, from late October of one year to about the same date of the next year. MPs have holidays of about four weeks over Christmas, two weeks each at Easter and Whitsun, and about eleven weeks – from early August to mid- October – in the summer. The beginning of a new session, called “the State Opening of Parliament”, is a fine ceremonial occasion, beginning with the royal procession from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster. The United Kingdom is divided into 650 parliamentary constituencies, each with an electorate of about 60,000 voters. Each constituency is represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons. The main political parties are usually represented at the elections and sometimes candidates representing minority parties stand. The winner is the candidate who gets more votes than any other single candidate. The leader of the party with most votes becomes Prime Minister and forms a government, which can remain in power for up to five years. The second biggest party becomes the official Opposition. Its leader forms a “Shadow Cabinet”. The Prime Minister chooses the date of the next General elections, but doesn’t have to wait until the end of five years. Voting takes place on Polling Day. The national result is known by the next morning at the latest. As soon as it is clear that one party has a majority of seats in the House of Commons, its leader is formally invited by the Sovereign to form a government. The modern government is arranged in about fifteen departments each with a minister at its head. Normally, all the heads of the departments are members of the House of Commons, though sometimes one is in the House of Lords. They form the cabinet, which meets about once a week in Number 10 Downing Street, a rather ordinary- looking house, which also contains the Prime Minister’s personal office.

Результаты (каннада) 1:

El Regne Unit és una monarquia constitucional (o parlamentàries) sense una Constitució escrita. El país té un monarca (un rei o una reina) com el seu cap d'estat. El monarca té molt poca energia i només pot regnar amb el suport del Parlament. Parlament consisteix en dues cambres, conegudes com la Cambra dels Lords i la Cambra dels comuns. Parlament i el monarca tenen diferents rols la 7 government of the country, and they only meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then does it become law. Although a bill must be supported by all three bodies, the House of Lords only has limited powers, and the monarch has not refused to sign one since the modern political system began over 200 years ago. “Her Most Excellent Majesty Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith” is the official Head of State and, for many people, a symbol of the unity of the nation. For a thousand years England (and later the whole of the United Kingdom) has been united under one sovereign. The hereditary principal still operates and the Crown is passed on to the sovereign’s eldest son (or daughter if there are no sons). The Queen has a certain role in state affairs, not only through her ceremonial functions, such as opening Parliament, but also because she meets the Prime Minister every week and receives copies of all Cabinet papers. Functions of the Sovereign are as follows:  opening and closing Parliament;  approving of the appointment of the Prime Minister;  giving her Royal Assent to bills;  Head of the Commonwealth;  Head of the Church of England;  Commander-in-Chief of the armed Forces. The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor, who sits on the Woolsack. The House of Lords like the Monarch has now lost most of its powers and cannot influence the process of decision-making in Parliament. In practice, the powers of the House of Lords have been truncated to limited revising and delaying functions. Members of the House of Lords debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. Changes may be recommended, and agreement between the two Houses is reached by negotiation. The Lord’s main power consists of being able only to delay non-financial bills passed by the House of Commons for a period of a few months, but they can also introduce certain types of bills. One of the oldest functions of the House of Lords is judicial. It works as the highest and final Court of Appeal. The two Houses of Parliament, the Lords and the Commons share the same building, the Palace of Westminster. The House of Commons is made up of 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament, or MPs. The Commons debating chamber, usually called “the House”, and has seats for only about 370 MPs. They are elected by popular vote and represent the counties and borough constituencies. 8 The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker. A Speaker is customarily reappointed to his office in each new Parliament. As soon as a party member becomes a Speaker he must abandon party politics. The life of Parliament is divided into periods called “sessions’. A session normally lasts for about a year, from late October of one year to about the same date of the next year. MPs have holidays of about four weeks over Christmas, two weeks each at Easter and Whitsun, and about eleven weeks – from early August to mid- October – in the summer. The beginning of a new session, called “the State Opening of Parliament”, is a fine ceremonial occasion, beginning with the royal procession from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster. The United Kingdom is divided into 650 parliamentary constituencies, each with an electorate of about 60,000 voters. Each constituency is represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons. The main political parties are usually represented at the elections and sometimes candidates representing minority parties stand. The winner is the candidate who gets more votes than any other single candidate. The leader of the party with most votes becomes Prime Minister and forms a government, which can remain in power for up to five years. The second biggest party becomes the official Opposition. Its leader forms a “Shadow Cabinet”. The Prime Minister chooses the date of the next General elections, but doesn’t have to wait until the end of five years. Voting takes place on Polling Day. The national result is known by the next morning at the latest. As soon as it is clear that one party has a majority of seats in the House of Commons, its leader is formally invited by the Sovereign to form a government. The modern government is arranged in about fifteen departments each with a minister at its head. Normally, all the heads of the departments are members of the House of Commons, though sometimes one is in the House of Lords. They form the cabinet, which meets about once a week in Number 10 Downing Street, a rather ordinary- looking house, which also contains the Prime Minister’s personal office.

Результаты (каннада) 2:

El Regne Unit és una monarquia constitucional (o parlamentari) sense una constitució escrita. El país té un monarca (un rei o una reina) com el seu cap d'Estat. El monarca té molt poc poder i només pot regnar amb el suport del Parlament. Parlament es compon de dues càmeres conegudes com la Cambra dels Lords i la Cambra dels Comuns. Parlament i el monarca tenen diferents papers en el
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govern del país, i que només es reuneixen en ocasions simbòliques com ara la coronació d'un nou monarca o l'obertura del Parlament. En realitat, la Cambra dels Comuns és l'únic dels tres que té cert poder. És aquí que els nous comptes es presenten i debaten. Si la majoria dels membres estan a favor d'un projecte de llei que va a la Cambra dels Lords per ser debatut i finalment al monarca per ser signat. Només llavors es converteixi en llei. Tot i que un projecte de llei ha de ser recolzada pels tres cossos, la Cambra dels Lords només té poders limitats, i el monarca no s'ha negat a signar un ja que el sistema polític modern va començar fa més de 200 anys. "La seva Excel·lentíssima Majestat Isabel II per la Gràcia de Déu, del Regne Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord i dels seus altres Regnes i Territoris Reina, director de la Commonwealth, defensor de la fe" és el cap oficial de l'Estat i , per a moltes persones, un símbol de la unitat de la nació. Durant mil anys Anglaterra (i més tard el conjunt del Regne Unit) s'ha unit sota un mateix sobirà. El director hereditària segueix funcionant i la Corona es transmet al fill gran del sobirà (o filla si no hi ha fills). La reina té un cert paper en els assumptes de l'Estat, no només a través de les seves funcions cerimonials, com l'obertura del Parlament, sinó també perquè es troba amb el primer ministre cada setmana i rep còpies de tots els documents de gabinet. Funcions del Sobirà són els següents:  l'obertura i el tancament del Parlament;  qual s'aprova el nomenament del primer ministre;  donant el seu assentiment real a les factures;  Cap de la Commonwealth;  cap de l'Església d'Anglaterra;  Comandant en Cap de les Forces Armades. La Cambra dels Lords té més de 1.000 membres, encara que només al voltant de 250 que participin activament en els treballs de la Cambra. El president de la Cambra dels Lords és el Senyor Canceller, que seu al Woolsack. La Cambra dels Lords com el Monarca ha perdut la majoria dels seus poders i no pot influir en el procés de presa de decisions al Parlament. A la pràctica, els poders de la Cambra dels Lords s'han truncat a la revisió limitada i funcions que retarden. Els membres de la Cambra dels Lords debaten un projecte de llei després que hagi estat aprovada per la Cambra dels Comuns. Els canvis poden ser recomanats, i l'acord entre les dues Cambres s'assoleix per mitjà de negociacions. Alimentació principal del Senyor consisteix a ser capaç de retardar només comptes no financeres aprovades per la Cambra dels Comuns per un període d'uns pocs mesos, però també pot introduir certs tipus de comptes. Una de les funcions més antigues de la Cambra dels Lords és judicial. Funciona com el més alt Tribunal i d'última instància. Les dues cambres del Parlament, dels Lords i dels Comuns comparteixen el mateix edifici, el Palau de Westminster. La Cambra dels Comuns està composta per 650 membres elegits, coneguts com a membres del Parlament, o parlamentaris. Els Comuns Cambra de debat, generalment anomenat "la casa", i té seients per només prop de 370 parlamentaris. Són triats pel vot popular i representen els comtats i districtes ciutat.
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La Cambra dels Comuns està presidida per l'altaveu. Un altaveu es va tornar a nomenar habitualment a la seva oficina a cada nou Parlament. Des que un membre del grup es converteix en un altaveu ha d'abandonar la política de partits. La vida del Parlament es divideix en períodes anomenats "sessions". Una sessió sol durar al voltant d'un any, des de finals d'octubre d'un any a l'entorn de la mateixa data de l'any que ve. Parlamentaris tenen vacances d'aproximadament quatre setmanes per Nadal, dues setmanes cada un a la Pasqua i Pentecosta, i al voltant d'onze setmanes - des de principis d'agost fins a mitjans d'octubre - a l'estiu. L'inici d'una nova sessió, anomenada "l'obertura del Parlament", és una ocasió cerimonial bé, a partir de la processó real del palau de Buckingham per al palau de Westminster. El Regne Unit es divideix en 650 districtes electorals, cadascun amb un electorat d'uns 60.000 votants. Cada grup està representat per un membre del parlament a la Cambra dels Comuns. Els principals partits polítics solen estar representats en les eleccions i, de vegades els candidats que representen als partits minoritaris es destaquen. El guanyador és el candidat que obté més vots que qualsevol altre candidat únic. El líder del partit amb més vots es converteix en primer ministre i forma un govern, que pot romandre en el poder durant un màxim de cinc anys. El segon partit més gran es converteix en l'oposició oficial. El seu líder forma una "Shadow Cabinet". El primer ministre triï la data de les pròximes eleccions generals, però no ha d'esperar fins al final dels cinc anys. La votació tindrà lloc el dia de la votació. El resultat nacional és conegut al matí següent com a molt tard. Tan aviat com és evident que una de les parts té una majoria d'escons a la Cambra dels Comuns, el seu líder és convidat formalment pel Sobirà per formar un govern. El govern modern està disposat dins d'uns quinze departaments cadascun amb un ministre al seu cap. Normalment, tots els caps dels departaments són membres de la Cambra dels Comuns, encara que de vegades un es troba a la Cambra dels Lords. Ells formen el gabinet, que es reuneix un cop a la setmana al número 10 de Downing Street, una casa en lloc ordinary- buscant, que també conté oficina personal del Primer Ministre.