HISTORY OF EDUCATIONThe first major milestone in the history of educat перевод - HISTORY OF EDUCATIONThe first major milestone in the history of educat русский как сказать

HISTORY OF EDUCATIONThe first major

HISTORY OF EDUCATION
The first major milestone in the history of education occurred in prehistoric times when man invented language. Language en¬abled man to communicate more precisely than he could by signs and gestures. But early man had only a spoken language. He had no system of writing or numbering and no schools.
Young people in prehistoric societies were educated through apprenticeship, imitation and rituals.Through apprenticeship a young man learned, for example, how to build a shelter by working with an older, experienced master builder. Through imitation, young people acquired the language and customs of their par¬ents and other adults in their society. Through the performance of rituals, they learned about the meaning of life and the ties that bound them to their group. The rituals consisted of dancing or other activities. They were performed at times of emotional stress, such as death, warfare, or drought. The rituals usually involved myths, which dealt with such things as the group's history and its gods and heroes.
Today, in all societies, young people still learn through ap-prenticeship, imitation and ritual.But as a society grows increasingly complicated, teachers and schools take on more and more re-sponsibility for educating the young.
The Beginning of Formal Education
About 3000 ВС1, the Sumerians2, who lived in Tigris-Euph¬rates Valley3, and the Egyptians each invented a system of writ¬ing. Both systems included a method of writing numbers as well as language. The invention of writing was the second major mile¬stone in the history of education. It made possible the beginning of schools as we know them today.
Before man developed writing, teachers had to repeat orally what was to be learned until the young had memorized it. A child could thus learn only what his teacher already knew, and had memorized.

But by teaching the child to read, a teacher could make available the knowledge of many men, not only his own, yet reading and writing could not be learned while the child served as an apprentice, imitated the behaviour of his elders, or took part in rituals. In addition, the first writing systems, which were a kind of picture writing, were awkward1 and hard to learn. As a result, special schools arose in which teachers taught reading, writing, and calculation.
Sumerian and Egyptian Education
Shortly after 3000 ВС, both the Sumerians and the Egyptians established schools to teach boys the newly invented arts of reading and writing. The schools were taught by temple priests. Only ex¬ceptionally talented boys could attend the schools. Girls were not allowed to attend school, but some girls learned reading and writing in their homes.
A boy's training, which lasted from about the age of 5 to 17, was strict and monotonous. He learned to write by copying the same literary selections again and again. He learned arithmetic by copying business accounts. Boys who completed their educa¬tion formed a separate social class called "scribes." Scribes were hired for any task that required a knowledge of reading, writing,
or arithmetic.
Other Middle Eastern Education
Civilization spread from Sumer and Egypt to the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea2. Certain tribes in this region each spoke one of the closely related Semitic languages. Between about 150 ВС and 1000 ВС, these tribes developed the world's first alphabet and so gave education another valuable tool. Alphabetic systems make writing easier than picture systems because they require far fewer symbols.
Certain Hebrew3 Semitic tribes developed a remarkably democratic educational system. Other educational systems had be designed mainly for the sons of upper-class families. But the Hebrews required boys of every social class to attend school. The Hebrew schools were religious schools conducted by priests called scribes. They taught boys to read the sacred writings of the Hebrew people, which were collected in a volume called the Tarah.
Hebrew girls did not attend school but were taught at home by their mothers.
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HISTORY OF EDUCATIONThe first major milestone in the history of education occurred in prehistoric times when man invented language. Language en¬abled man to communicate more precisely than he could by signs and gestures. But early man had only a spoken language. He had no system of writing or numbering and no schools.Young people in prehistoric societies were educated through apprenticeship, imitation and rituals.Through apprenticeship a young man learned, for example, how to build a shelter by working with an older, experienced master builder. Through imitation, young people acquired the language and customs of their par¬ents and other adults in their society. Through the performance of rituals, they learned about the meaning of life and the ties that bound them to their group. The rituals consisted of dancing or other activities. They were performed at times of emotional stress, such as death, warfare, or drought. The rituals usually involved myths, which dealt with such things as the group's history and its gods and heroes.Today, in all societies, young people still learn through ap-prenticeship, imitation and ritual.But as a society grows increasingly complicated, teachers and schools take on more and more re-sponsibility for educating the young.The Beginning of Formal EducationAbout 3000 ВС1, the Sumerians2, who lived in Tigris-Euph¬rates Valley3, and the Egyptians each invented a system of writ¬ing. Both systems included a method of writing numbers as well as language. The invention of writing was the second major mile¬stone in the history of education. It made possible the beginning of schools as we know them today.Before man developed writing, teachers had to repeat orally what was to be learned until the young had memorized it. A child could thus learn only what his teacher already knew, and had memorized.But by teaching the child to read, a teacher could make available the knowledge of many men, not only his own, yet reading and writing could not be learned while the child served as an apprentice, imitated the behaviour of his elders, or took part in rituals. In addition, the first writing systems, which were a kind of picture writing, were awkward1 and hard to learn. As a result, special schools arose in which teachers taught reading, writing, and calculation.Sumerian and Egyptian Education Shortly after 3000 ВС, both the Sumerians and the Egyptians established schools to teach boys the newly invented arts of reading and writing. The schools were taught by temple priests. Only ex¬ceptionally talented boys could attend the schools. Girls were not allowed to attend school, but some girls learned reading and writing in their homes.A boy's training, which lasted from about the age of 5 to 17, was strict and monotonous. He learned to write by copying the same literary selections again and again. He learned arithmetic by copying business accounts. Boys who completed their educa¬tion formed a separate social class called "scribes." Scribes were hired for any task that required a knowledge of reading, writing,or arithmetic.Other Middle Eastern EducationCivilization spread from Sumer and Egypt to the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea2. Certain tribes in this region each spoke one of the closely related Semitic languages. Between about 150 ВС and 1000 ВС, these tribes developed the world's first alphabet and so gave education another valuable tool. Alphabetic systems make writing easier than picture systems because they require far fewer symbols.Certain Hebrew3 Semitic tribes developed a remarkably democratic educational system. Other educational systems had be designed mainly for the sons of upper-class families. But the Hebrews required boys of every social class to attend school. The Hebrew schools were religious schools conducted by priests called scribes. They taught boys to read the sacred writings of the Hebrew people, which were collected in a volume called the Tarah.Hebrew girls did not attend school but were taught at home by their mothers.
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история образованияпервой важной вехой в истории образования произошли в доисторические времена, когда человек изобрел язык.язык en ¬ способностями человека, чтобы сообщить более точно, чем он мог с помощью знаков и жесты.но раннее мужчина имел только разговорный язык.у него нет системы подготовки или нумерации и нет школы.молодые люди в доисторическое общество были образованы путем обучения, имитации и ритуалы. посредством обучения ремеслу молодой человек узнал, как, например, строительство жилья, работая со старым, опытный мастер - строитель.через имитацию, молодые люди приобрели языка и обычаев их par ¬ кэп и других взрослых людей в обществе.путем совершения ритуалов, они узнали о смысле жизни и увидел, что связывает их группы.ритуалы, входили танцы или других видов деятельности.они были проведены на время эмоционального стресса, такие, как смерть, войны, или засуха.ритуалы, обычно участвуют мифы, в которых рассматриваются такие вещи, как группа в истории и своих богов и героев.сегодня во всех обществах, молодые люди по - прежнему учиться ап prenticeship, имитации и ритуал. но как общество становится все более сложной, учителей и школ принимают все более и более вновь sponsibility для воспитания молодежи.начала формального образованияоколо 3000 ВС 1, sumerians2, который жил в тигра euph ¬ ставки valley3 и египтян каждый изобрел систему, ¬ ING.обе системы включает метод написания цифры, а также язык.изобретения письменности был вторым основным мили ¬ камень в истории образования.это дало возможность начала школы, как мы знаем сегодня.перед человеком, развитые в письменной форме, учителя, чтобы повторить в устной форме, что можно извлечь до тех пор, пока молодые не запомнила его.ребенок мог бы, таким образом, узнать только то, что его учитель уже знали, и не вспомнил.но учить ребенка читать, учитель может предоставить знания многие мужчины, не только его, но, тем не менее, читать и писать, невозможно, пока ребенок стал ученик, имитировал поведение его старейшины, или приняла участие в ритуалах.кроме того, первый письменности, которые были своего рода картины пишет, awkward1 и трудно узнать.в результате, специальные школы возник в которых преподаватели учат читать, писать, и расчет.шумерский и египта в области образованиявскоре после 3000 ВС как шумеры и египтяне созданы школы для обучения мальчиков недавно изобрели искусство чтения и письма.в школах учили в храме священники.только бывших ¬ ceptionally талантливых выпускников могли посещать школы.девочки не могут посещать школу, но некоторые девочки научился читать и писать в своих домах.мальчик по профессиональной подготовке, которая продолжалась около 5 лет 17, был строгим и монотонно.он научился писать, скопировав тот же литературные опций, снова и снова.он узнал, арифметика, копируя счетов предприятий.мальчики, которые завершили образования ¬, два образует отдельный социальный класс "книжников." книжников, были наняты для любых задач, которые требуют знаний, чтения, письма,или арифметики.других ближневосточных образованияцивилизация распространилась от шумера и египта на восточном побережье средиземного моря праву2.некоторые племена в этом регионе каждый говорил один из смежных семитские языки.между около 150 ВС и 1000 ВС, эти племена разработали первое в мире письменность и так дал образование еще одним ценным инструментом.можете писать легче, чем картина буквенные систем, систем, потому что они требуют гораздо меньше символов.некоторые hebrew3 семитские племена развитых исключительно демократической системы образования.другие системы образования были бы предназначены главным образом для сыновей высшего класса семей.но евреи требуют мальчиков из всех социальных классов посещать школу."в школах были религиозные школы, проведенного священники называют книжников.они научили ребят читать священные книги еврейского народа, которые были собраны в том под названием tarah.девочки, не посещают школу, но и на иврите, учили дома, их матерей.
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