The Allegory of the CaveBy PlatoWri

The Allegory of the Cave
By Plato
Written 360 B.C.E
Translated by Benjamin Jowett
The son of a wealthy and noble family, Plato (427-347 B.C.) was preparing for a career in politics when the trial and eventual execution of Socrates (399 B.C.)
changed the course of his life. He abandoned his political career and turned to philosophy, opening a school on the outskirts of Athens dedicated to the Socratic
search for wisdom. Plato's school, then known as the Academy, was the first university in western history and operated from 387 B.C. until A.D. 529, when it was
closed by Justinian.
Unlike his mentor Socrates, Plato was both a writer and a teacher. His writings are in the form of dialogues, with Socrates as the principal speaker. In the Allegory
of the Cave, Plato described symbolically the predicament in which mankind finds itself and proposes a way of salvation. The Allegory presents, in brief form, most
of Plato's major philosophical assumptions: his belief that the world revealed by our senses is not the real world but only a poor copy of it, and that the real world
can only be apprehended intellectually; his idea that knowledge cannot be transferred from teacher to student, but rather that education consists in directing
student's minds toward what is real and important and allowing them to apprehend it for themselves; his faith that the universe ultimately is good; his conviction
that enlightened individuals have an obligation to the rest of society, and that a good society must be one in which the truly wise (the Philosopher- King) are the
rulers.
The Allegory of the Cave can be found in Book VII of Plato's best-known work, The Republic, a lengthy dialogue on the nature of justice. Often regarded as a
utopian blueprint, The Republic is dedicated toward a discussion of the education required of a Philosopher-King.
The following selection is taken from the Benjamin Jowett translation (Vintage, 1991), pp. 253- 261. As you read the Allegory, try to make a mental picture of the
cave Plato describes. Better yet, why not draw a picture of it and refer to it as you read the selection. In many ways, understanding Plato's Allegory of the Cave
will make your foray into the world of philosophical thought much less burdensome.
[Socrates] And now, I said, let me show in a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened: --Behold! human beings living in a underground den, which
has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the den; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they
cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and
between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have
in front of them, over which they show the puppets.
[Glaucon] I see.
[Socrates] And do you see, I said, men passing along the wall carrying all sorts of vessels, and statues and figures of animals made of wood and stone and various
materials, which appear over the wall? Some of them are talking, others silent.
[Glaucon] You have shown me a strange image, and they are strange prisoners.
[Socrates] Like ourselves, I replied; and they see only their own shadows, or the shadows of one another, which the fire throws on the opposite wall of the cave?
[Glaucon] True, he said; how could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads?
[Socrates] And of the objects which are being carried in like manner they would only see the shadows?
[Glaucon] Yes, he said.
[Socrates] And if they were able to converse with one another, would they not suppose that they were naming what was actually before them?
[Glaucon] Very true.
[Socrates] And suppose further that the prison had an echo which came from the other side, would they not be sure to fancy when one of the passers-by spoke that
the voice which they heard came from the passing shadow?
[Glaucon] No question, he replied.
[Socrates] To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images.
[Glaucon] That is certain.
[Socrates] And now look again, and see what will naturally follow it' the prisoners are released and disabused of their error. At first, when any of them is liberated
and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and walk and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him, and he will
be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was an
illusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision, -what will be his reply? And
you may further imagine that his instructor is pointing to the objects as they pass and requiring him to name them, -will he not be perplexed? Will he not fancy that
the shadows which he formerly saw are truer than the objects which are now shown to him?

Результаты (русский) 1:

Аллегорию пещерыПлатонаНаписанных 360 B.C.EПеревод, Бенджамин JowettСын богатой и благородной семьи, Платон (427-347 до н.э.) подготовку для карьеры в политике когда суда и в конечном итоге выполнение Socrates (399 гг.)изменило всю его жизнь. Он отказался от своей политической карьеры и повернулся к философии, открытие школы на окраине Афин, посвященный СократаПоиск для мудрости. Платоновской школы, тогда известный как академии, был первый университет в западной истории и управляется с 387 до н.э. до 529 н.э., когда он былзакрыта Юстиниана.В отличие от своего наставника Сократ Платон был писатель и педагог. Его произведения находятся в форме диалогов, с Сократа в качестве основного оратора. В аллегориипещеры Платон описал символически затруднительное положение, в котором человечество находит себя и предлагает способ спасения. Аллегория подарки, в краткой форме, наиболееПлатоновской основных философских предположений: его убежденность в том, что мир свидетельствуют наши чувства-это не реальный мир, но только бедных копию его и что реальный мирможет быть задержано только интеллектуально; его идея, что знания не могут быть переданы от преподавателя студента, но довольно что образование состоит в управлениистудента умы к то, что это реальный и важный и позволяя им задержать его для себя; его вера, что Вселенная в конечном счете это хорошо; его осуждениепросвещенные люди имеют обязательство к остальной части общества, и что хорошего общества должны быть один в котором действительно являются Мудрого (король философ -)правители.Аллегорию пещеры можно найти в книге VII Платона наиболее известная работа, Республика, продолжительного диалога о природе правосудия. Часто рассматривается какутопической концепции, Республика посвящен сторону обсуждения образования требуется философ-короля.Следующий выбор взяты из перевода Бенджамин Jowett (Vintage, 1991), стр. 253 - 261. Как вы читаете аллегория, попробуйте сделать умственное изображениеОписывает пещере Платона. Еще лучше почему бы не нарисовать картину и ссылаться на него, как вы читаете отбора. Во многих отношениях, понимание Платона аллегорию пещерысделают свой набег в мир философской мысли намного менее обременительным.[Сократ] И теперь, я уже говорил, позвольте мне показать рисунке насколько наша природа просвещенного или непросвещенных:--Вот! людей, живущих в подземном логове, которыйрот открыт к свету и идущие вдоль всего ден; Здесь они были из своего детства, и у их ног и шеи прикованный так что онинельзя переместить и может видеть только перед ними, разрешают цепями поворачивая головы. Выше и позади них огонь пылает на расстоянии, и огонь и заключенных есть поднял путь; и вы увидите, если вы посмотрите, низкой стены, построенные вдоль пути, как на экране который игроки марионеткаперед ними, над которым они показывают куклы.[Glaucon] Ясно.[Сократ] И вы видите, я сказал, проходящей вдоль стены, все виды судов, перевозящих мужчины и статуэтки и фигурки животных сделаны из дерева и камня и различныхmaterials, which appear over the wall? Some of them are talking, others silent.[Glaucon] You have shown me a strange image, and they are strange prisoners.[Socrates] Like ourselves, I replied; and they see only their own shadows, or the shadows of one another, which the fire throws on the opposite wall of the cave?[Glaucon] True, he said; how could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads?[Socrates] And of the objects which are being carried in like manner they would only see the shadows?[Glaucon] Yes, he said.[Socrates] And if they were able to converse with one another, would they not suppose that they were naming what was actually before them?[Glaucon] Very true.[Socrates] And suppose further that the prison had an echo which came from the other side, would they not be sure to fancy when one of the passers-by spoke thatthe voice which they heard came from the passing shadow?[Glaucon] No question, he replied.[Socrates] To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images.[Glaucon] That is certain.[Socrates] And now look again, and see what will naturally follow it' the prisoners are released and disabused of their error. At first, when any of them is liberatedand compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and walk and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was anillusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision, -what will be his reply? Andyou may further imagine that his instructor is pointing to the objects as they pass and requiring him to name them, -will he not be perplexed? Will he not fancy thatthe shadows which he formerly saw are truer than the objects which are now shown to him?

Результаты (русский) 3:

С раскинутыми в пещере
, Платон
письменные 360 до нашей эры E
перевод - Бенджамин Jowett
сыном богатых и благородных семей, Платон (427-347 до н.э. ), готовится к политической деятельности судебного процесса и в конечном итоге исполнения Сократ (399 до н.э. )
изменило ход его жизни. Он отказался от его политической карьеры, и в философии,Открытие школы в пригороде Афин в философские вопросы
поиск мудрости. Платон в школе, а затем в академии, был первый университет в западной истории и работать с 387 до н.э. до н.э. 529, когда она была
закрыт поджидал.
в отличие от своего наставника Сократ, Платон, как писатель и учитель. Его сочинения, в форме диалога,