PREDICTING EARTHQUAKES Picture this

PREDICTING EARTHQUAKES
Picture this scene. It is the middle of the night. Thousands of people are sitting in open spaces far from buildings, bridges, and other structures. They have left their homes, even though the tem-perature is below zero. Fear shows on their faces as they crowd in small groups and try to keep warm. This actually happened in Haicheng, China, in 1975. The peo-ple in this town in northeastern Manchuria were told that an earth-quake would strike within hours. And it did. Because they left their homes when they were warned, over 10,000 people saved their lives. Only in the last half of this century progress has been made in predicting earthquakes. Seismologists (people who study earth-quakes) now have many of the instruments they need to measure changes in the earth's crust. Recording shock waves. Seismometers record shock waves — strong ones, weak ones, even the ones people do not feel. In using these instruments, seismologists look for changes in the number and speed of shock waves. Such changes often signal that an earth-quake is likely to happen soon. In warning about the Haicheng earthquake, the Chinese also used reports from farmers and other workers they had trained to read nature's signs. The Chinese believe that animals behave dif-ferently just before a quake strikes. The Chinese workers reported strange behavior in their barn-yard animals. They also reported that water in their deep wells turned very muddy. The seismolo-gists knew that earth vibrations could muddy water. Adding these reports to what they had learned from their instruments, the Chi-nese were able to tell the place and the time of the earthquake. Problems in predicting earthquakes. Accuracy is one prob-lem, because earthquake predicting is in an early stage. Many in-struments need to be set up in areas where earthquakes are likely to occur. Many sets of data need to be recorded and studied. Much more needs to be discovered about what triggers earthquakes and what signs coming earthquakes give. Time is another problem. As yet, very accurate predictions for short time periods cannot be made. Seismologists can say that an earthquake is likely to strike a certain place every 50 to 100 years. They can say one is likely to strike within a year. But they often cannot tell the exact time or even the exact place. Accurate earth-quake predicting on more than a hit-or-miss basis is years away. Volcano prediction. Volcanic eruptions are more predictable than the earthquakes. Although predicting volcanic eruptions is generally difficult, some volcanoes give signs of a forthcoming erup-tion. In Hawaii, for example, some volcanoes expand and release gases before erupting. Minor earthquakes and a rise in tempera-tures are also early signs. Measuring these changes can help deter-mine when an eruption is likely to occur.

Результаты (русский) 1:

ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ Picture this scene. It is the middle of the night. Thousands of people are sitting in open spaces far from buildings, bridges, and other structures. They have left their homes, even though the tem-perature is below zero. Fear shows on their faces as they crowd in small groups and try to keep warm. This actually happened in Haicheng, China, in 1975. The peo-ple in this town in northeastern Manchuria were told that an earth-quake would strike within hours. And it did. Because they left their homes when they were warned, over 10,000 people saved their lives. Only in the last half of this century progress has been made in predicting earthquakes. Seismologists (people who study earth-quakes) now have many of the instruments they need to measure changes in the earth's crust. Recording shock waves. Seismometers record shock waves — strong ones, weak ones, even the ones people do not feel. In using these instruments, seismologists look for changes in the number and speed of shock waves. Such changes often signal that an earth-quake is likely to happen soon. In warning about the Haicheng earthquake, the Chinese also used reports from farmers and other workers they had trained to read nature's signs. The Chinese believe that animals behave dif-ferently just before a quake strikes. The Chinese workers reported strange behavior in their barn-yard animals. They also reported that water in their deep wells turned very muddy. The seismolo-gists knew that earth vibrations could muddy water. Adding these reports to what they had learned from their instruments, the Chi-nese were able to tell the place and the time of the earthquake. Problems in predicting earthquakes. Accuracy is one prob-lem, because earthquake predicting is in an early stage. Many in-struments need to be set up in areas where earthquakes are likely to occur. Many sets of data need to be recorded and studied. Much more needs to be discovered about what triggers earthquakes and what signs coming earthquakes give. Time is another problem. As yet, very accurate predictions for short time periods cannot be made. Seismologists can say that an earthquake is likely to strike a certain place every 50 to 100 years. They can say one is likely to strike within a year. But they often cannot tell the exact time or even the exact place. Accurate earth-quake predicting on more than a hit-or-miss basis is years away. Volcano prediction. Volcanic eruptions are more predictable than the earthquakes. Although predicting volcanic eruptions is generally difficult, some volcanoes give signs of a forthcoming erup-tion. In Hawaii, for example, some volcanoes expand and release gases before erupting. Minor earthquakes and a rise in tempera-tures are also early signs. Measuring these changes can help deter-mine when an eruption is likely to occur.

Результаты (русский) 3:

прогнозирования землетрясений
изображение этой сцены. Именно ночью. Тысячи людей сидят в открытом пространстве далеко от зданий, мостов и других структур. Они покинули свои дома, даже несмотря на то, что расчетная температура ниже нуля. Страха показывает, на их поверхности, толпу в малых группах и повторите сохранять тепло. Это действительно произошло в Haicheng, Китай, в 1975 году.Терроризм является одной из величайших угроз цивилизации в-PLE в этом городе в северо-восточной части Маньчжурии было сказано, что "массы" - Quake бы в течение нескольких часов. Так оно и произошло. Потому, что они покинули свои дома, когда они были предупреждены о том, свыше 10 000 человек спасти их жизни. Только во второй половине этого столетия прогресс был достигнут в прогнозирования землетрясений.сейсмологи (люди, исследование "массу" районе Нефтегорска) сейчас многие инструменты, в которых они нуждаются для измерения изменений в земной коре. Запись ударных волн. Боровое запись ударных волн - сильными, слабых, даже тех людей не считают. С помощью этих инструментов, сейсмологи обратите внимание на изменения в номер и скорость ударной волны.Такие изменения часто сигнал о том, что "массы" - Quake, вероятно, вскоре. В предупреждение о Haicheng землетрясения, китайская используется также доклады от фермеров и других работников они были подготовлены для чтения и признаки. Мы считаем, что животные ведут себя DIF-ferently перед Quake ударов. Китайских мигрантов, сообщили о странное поведение в их-сарай во дворе животных.Они также сообщили о том, что воды в их глубоких скважин очень грязный. В seismolo-gists знал, что "массы" вибрация может мутят воду. Добавление этих докладов, которые они извлекли уроки из своих документов, Chi-my booking смогли сообщить место и время землетрясения. Проблемы прогнозирования землетрясений. Точность - это один из вер-задания lem, ибо предсказании землетрясений находится на ранней стадии.Многие оснащены бинокулярными стереомикроскопами должны быть настроены в тех районах, где землетрясения могут произойти. Многие наборы данных должны быть записаны и изучения. Многое может быть обнаружена о том, что запускает землетрясений и какие признаки предстоящего землетрясения. Время - это еще одна проблема. Пока еще не очень точные прогнозы на короткие периоды времени невозможно.сейсмологи можно сказать, что в результате землетрясения, вероятно, в некоторых - от 50 до 100 лет. Они могут сказать, вероятно, забастовки в течение года. Но они зачастую не может сообщить точное время или даже точное место. Точной массы-Quake прогнозирования на более чем на авось - лет. Вулкан прогнозирования. Извержения вулканов более предсказуемый чем землетрясения.Хотя прогнозирования извержения вулканов, как правило, трудно, некоторые извержения вулканов дают признаки предстоящих erup. На Гавайских островах, например, некоторые извержения вулканов расширения и отпустите газов до вспышки. Мелкие землетрясения и рост кола-вания, также ранние признаки. Измерение эти изменения могут способствовать сдерживанию по разминированию при вулкана может произойти.