THE POLITICAL SYSTEM The United Kin

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Everything today is done in the Queen’s name. The Queen’s image appears on stamps, notes and coins. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She appoints all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. Everything is done however on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process. The monarch can only reign with the support of Parliament.
Parliament consists of two chambers - the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country. They only meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power.
The House of Commons is made up of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs), each of whom represents an area of the United Kingdom. They are elected at a general election. The election campaign usually lasts about three weeks.
Everyone over the age of 18 can vote in an election. Parliamentary elections must be held every five years.
The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The House consists of hereditary and life peers and peeresses, a certain number of Irish and Scottish peers, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, bishops and judges. They debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. A decision is accepted if a quorum of three Lords is present. The House sits, on average, for about 140 days in each session. The Lord Chancellor is chairman and sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. The House of Lords is the only non-elected second chamber among all the democracies in the world, and some people in Great Britain would like to abolish it.
After each general election the King or Queen invites the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons to become Prime Minister and form the Government. As leaders of their political parties and leaders of the country, Prime Ministers are powerful and important people. They are powerful because they have the majority support in Parliament and they can choose their own ministers and government.
The PM chooses a committee of ministers called the Cabinet. This is made up of a selection of senior MPs from the House of Commons and some members of the House of Lords.
The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister’s house – 10 Downing Street.
The Cabinet works as a team and all ministers must accept the decisions of the “group”. Cabinet meetings are held in private and the details must remain secret for at least 30 years.
The British political scene is dominated by a two-party system: one party in power, the other in opposition. They are the Conservative (1867) and the Labour Parties (1900). The Conservative Party, often called the Tory Party (“tory” means an Irish highwayman), can be broadly described as the party of the middle and upper classes.
The Labour Party, on the other hand, has always had strong links with the trade unions and receives financial support from them.
Among the other parties are the Liberal Party (SLD, 1988); the Scottish National Party (1928); Plaid Cymru, the Welsh Nationalist Party, (1925); the Communist Party of Britain (1988); the Communist Party of Great Britain (1920); the National Front and Democratic Left.

Результаты (русский) 3:

Политической системы в прошлом месяце Соединенное Королевство является конституционной монархии. Это означает, что она имеет монарха ( "кинг-сайз" или "куин-сайз") в качестве главы своего государства. Полномочия монарха не определены точно. Все это делается в кровати "куин-сайз" его имя. Королева, изображение появляется на марки, отмечает и монет. Это ее страны, ее вооруженных сил, ее права и т.д. Она назначает всех министров,том числе премьер-министра. Все сделано в то же время по рекомендации правительства, и монарх не принимает участие в процессе принятия решений. монарху может только история с поддержкой парламента.
Парламент состоит из двух палат - Палаты общин и палаты лордов. Парламент и монарх играют разные роли в правительство страны.Они только собраться на символических таких мероприятий, как "Коронация нового монарха или открытия парламента. В действительности, в палате общин - это только одна из трех, true power.
Палаты общин состоит из 651 членов парламента (MPS), каждый из которых представляет Соединенное Королевство. Они избираются на всеобщих выборах.