The Law ofConservation of MassThe L

The Law of
Conservation of Mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass is one of the
most important concepts in chemistry. The law
states that matter can neither be created nor
destroyed. This means that in any chemical
reaction, the mass of the reacting substances at
the start of the reaction will be the same as the
mass of the products at the end of the reaction.
Matter can change its form in a reaction, for
example from a liquid state to a gas, but the
mass will remain the same.
The Law of Conservation of Mass is also known
as the Lomonosov-Lavoisier Law because, as we
saw in unit 6, both of these scientists contributed
to its development. Lomonosov first described
the law in a letter to a friend and then published
his ideas in a dissertation dated 1760. Lavoisier
reached the same conclusions much later, in
1789, and was the first to formulate the law in
clear scientific terms. For this reason the law
takes its name from both these brilliant men.
The idea of conservation of mass, however, can
be traced back as far as ancient Greece. In the
5th century ВС, Anaxagoras, a philosopher and scientist, said that nothing comes into existence
or is destroyed and that everything is a mixture
of pre-existing things. Over the course of
history, many other distinguished scientists also
expressed their views on the conservation
of mass.
The dominant theory in the 18th century was
the phlogiston theory. According to this theory,
all flammable materials (that is, materials that
can burn) contain a substance called phlogiston,
which is released during the burning process.
That means that when flammable materials
burn, the new substance, without phlogiston,
should weigh less than the original substance.
But this theory was wrong. Experiments showed
that some metals actually increased in weight
when they burnt. Lomonosov's experiment in
1756 demonstrated that the increase in weight
was due to air. Many years later, Lavoisier
proved that oxygen was required for combustion
(burning); without it, the mass of burnt matter
remained the same.
The Law of Conservation of Mass was not
discovered in the usual scientific way. Lavoisier
did not reach his conclusions by generalising
from a large number of similar cases because, at
that time, there was not enough scientific
information for him to do so. Instead, Lavoisier
assumed that his theory was true and then he
set about proving it. His belief was justified
because he did indeed prove the Law of
Conservation of Mass.
The fact that the total amount of matter in
chemical reactions is always conserved and
never disappears even though the matter may be
in an altered form, is not only important for
science, but also for other fields of human
knowledge, particularly philosophy. It has led us
to think about the nature of existence, and
where we trulv come from.

Результаты (русский) 1:

ЗаконЗакон сохранения массыЗакон сохранения от массы является одним изнаиболее важных понятий в химии. Законутверждает, что вопрос не может быть создан и неуничтожены. Это означает, что в каких-либо химическихреакция, масса реагирующих веществ вНачало реакции будет таким же, какМасса продуктов в конце реакции.Вопрос может изменить свою форму в реакции, дляПример из жидкого состояния газа, номасса останется.Закон сохранения от массы также известенкак закон Ломоносов-Лавуазье потому, что, как мыпила в блок 6, оба эти ученые внеслидля его развития. Ломоносов впервые описалЗакон в письме к другу, а затем опубликованего идеи в диссертации dated 1760. Лавуазьевыводы же гораздо позже, в1789, и был первым, чтобы сформулировать закон вчеткие научные термины. По этой причине законберет свое название от обоих этих блестящих людей.Идея сохранения массы, однако, можетпроследить по мере древней Греции. В5-ое столетие ВС, Анаксагор, философ и ученый, говорит, что ничего не приходит на существованиеили уничтожены и что все это смесьиз уже существующих вещей. В течениеИстория, многие другие уважаемые ученые такжевысказали свои мнения по сохранениюмассы.Доминирующей теорией в XVIII веке былоФлогистон. Согласно этой теории,all flammable materials (that is, materials thatcan burn) contain a substance called phlogiston,which is released during the burning process.That means that when flammable materialsburn, the new substance, without phlogiston,should weigh less than the original substance.But this theory was wrong. Experiments showedthat some metals actually increased in weightwhen they burnt. Lomonosov's experiment in1756 demonstrated that the increase in weightwas due to air. Many years later, Lavoisierproved that oxygen was required for combustion(burning); without it, the mass of burnt matterremained the same.The Law of Conservation of Mass was notdiscovered in the usual scientific way. Lavoisierdid not reach his conclusions by generalisingfrom a large number of similar cases because, atthat time, there was not enough scientificinformation for him to do so. Instead, Lavoisierassumed that his theory was true and then heset about proving it. His belief was justifiedbecause he did indeed prove the Law ofConservation of Mass.The fact that the total amount of matter inchemical reactions is always conserved andnever disappears even though the matter may bein an altered form, is not only important forscience, but also for other fields of humanknowledge, particularly philosophy. It has led usto think about the nature of existence, andwhere we trulv come from.