The traditional economy.(14-15)It's

The traditional economy.(14-15)
It's hard to imagine our lives without coins, banknotes and credit cards. Yet for most of human history people lived without money. For thousands of years human societies had very simple economies. There were no shops, markets or traders. There were no employers, paid workers or salaries. Today, we call this kind of economy the traditional economy, and in some parts of Asia, South America and Africa this system still exists.
People who live in a traditional economy don't have money because they don't need it. They live lives of subsistence. That means they hunt, gather or grow only enough food to live. There is almost no surplus in the traditional economy, and there is almost no property. Families may own simple accommodation, but land is shared by all the tribe. Economic decisions are taken according to the customs of the tribe. For example, every family may need to give some of the crops they grow to the tribal leader, but keep the rest for themselves. They don't do this because it makes economic sense. They do it because the tribe has always done it. It's simply a custom.
Custom, also, decides what jobs people do in the traditional economy. People generally do the jobs that their parents and grandparents did before them. Anyway, there aren't many jobs to choose from in the traditional economy. Men are hunters, farmers or both. The woman's place is at home looking after children, cooking and home-making. This division of labor between men and women is another characteristic of the traditional economy. Whatever the work is, and whoever does it, you can be sure it's hard work. This is because traditional economies have almost no technology. Physical strength and knowledge of the environment are the tools for survival.
Like any other economic system, the traditional economy has its benefits and drawbacks. Probably the biggest benefit is that these are peaceful societies. People consume almost everything they produce and own practically nothing. They are equally poor. For all these reasons, war is almost unknown in these societies.
However, people who live in traditional societies are among the poorest people in the world. Because custom decides what people do, nothing in these societies ever changes. Because there is no technology, people depend on nature to survive. They have no protection from environmental disasters like droughts and floods. They are always in danger of hunger and disease.
But the traditional economy is in danger itself. There are only a few examples left on the planet. In 100 years from now, it may have disappeared forever.

Результаты (узбекский) 1:

An'anaviy iqtisodiyot. (14-15)
Bu tangalar, pul va kredit kartalari holda hayotimizni tasavvur qilish qiyin. Biroq inson tarixi odamlar uchun eng pul holda yashagan. Ming yillar davomida inson jamiyatlari juda oddiy iqtisodiyoti edi. Hech do'konlar, bozorlar yoki savdogarlar bor edi. U erda hech qanday ish beruvchilar, edi ishchilar yoki ish haqi to'lanadi. Bugungi kunda, biz iqtisodiyotning bunday an'anaviy iqtisodiyotni qo'ng'iroq va bu tizim hali mavjud Osiyo, Janubiy Amerika va Afrikadagi ba'zi joylarida.
Ular uni shart emas, chunki an'anaviy iqtisodiyot yashayotgan odamlar pul yo'q. Ular maosh hayot. Ya'ni ular, ov to'plash yoki yashash uchun faqat etarli oziq-ovqat yetishtirish, degan ma'noni anglatadi. An'anaviy iqtisodiyot hech ortiqcha deyarli yo'q, va deyarli hech mulk bor. Oilalar oddiy turar joy egalik qilishi mumkin, lekin er barcha qabilasidan tomonidan almashiladi. Iqtisodiy qarorlar qabilasidan odatlariga ko'ra olinadi. Misol uchun, har bir oila, ular qabila yetakchisi o'sishi ekinlari ba'zi berish, lekin o'zlari uchun dam tutish kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Iqtisodiy mantiqiy, chunki ular buni qilmaydi. Qabila har doim qilgan, chunki ular buni. Bu shunchaki maxsus bo'ldi.
Custom, shuningdek, yangi ish o'rinlari odamlar an'anaviy iqtisodiyotida qanday qaror. Odamlar odatda ularning ota-onalari va bobosi, ulardan oldin qilgan ish o'rinlari nima. Baribir, an'anaviy iqtisodiyotiga tanlash uchun, ko'p ish o'rni bor emas. Erkaklar ovchilar, fermerlar yoki ikkalasi. Ayolning joy bolalar, pishirish va uy-qilishda keyin qarab uyda bo'ladi. Erkaklar va ayollar o'rtasidagi mehnat Mazkur bo'lim an'anaviy iqtisodiyotining yana bir xususiyatdir. Ish va uni qilsa, siz uni qattiq ish bo'ldi ishonch hosil bo'lishi mumkin qat'iy nazar. An'anaviy iqtisodiyoti deyarli hech texnologiyasi ega, chunki, bu. Jismoniy kuch va atrof-muhit ilmi omon qolish uchun uskunalar mavjud.
Boshqa har qanday iqtisodiy tizimda kabi an'anaviy iqtisodiyot, uning foyda va kamchiliklari bor. Ehtimol eng katta foyda bu tinch jamiyatlar deb hisoblanadi. Odamlar ishlab chiqarish va amalda hech narsa egalik deyarli hamma narsani iste'mol. Ular teng kambag'al. Barcha bu sabablarga ko'ra, urush, bu jamiyatlarda deyarli ma'lum emas.
Shu bilan birga, an'anaviy jamiyatlarda yashayotgan odamlar dunyoda kambag'al odamlar orasida. Maxsus odamlar qanday qaror, chunki, bu jamiyatlarda hech narsa o'zgaradi. Hech texnologiya, chunki, odamlar omon qolish uchun tabiat bog'liq. Ular qurg'oqchilik va suv toshqinlari kabi ekologik ofatlar hech muhofaza qilish bor. Ular ochlik va kasallik xavfi har doim bor.
Lekin an'anaviy iqtisodiyot xavf o'zi bo'ladi. Sayyorada tark faqat bir necha misol bor. Endi 100 yil ichida, u abadiy g'oyib bo'lishi mumkin.