THE FIRST CALCULATING DEVICES Let u

THE FIRST CALCULATING DEVICES
Let us take a look at the history of computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man's hands. This, in fact, is why today; we still count in tens and multiples of tens.
Then the abacus was invented. People went on using some form of abacus well into the 16th century, and it is still being used in some parts of the world because it can be understood without knowing how to read.
During the 17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating. J.Napier, a Scotsman, invented a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, which ,is now the modern slide rule works. Henry Briggs used Napier's ideas to produce logarithm tables which all mathematicians use today.
Calculus, another branch of mathematics, was independently invented by both Sir Isaak Newton, an Englishman, and Leibnitz, a German mathematician. The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820 as the result of several people's experiments.
In 1830 Charles Babbage, a gifted English mathematician, proposed. to build a general-purpose problem-solving machine that he called "the analytical engine". This machine, which Babbage showed at the Paris Exhibition in 1855, was an attempt to cut out the human being altogether, except for providing the machine with the necessary facts about the problem to be solved. He never finished this work, but many of his ideas were the basis for building today's computers.
Bу the early part of the twentieth century electromechanical machines had been developed and were used for business data processing. Dr. Herman Hollerith, a young statistician from the US Census Bureau successfully tabulated the 1890 census. Hollerith invented a means of coding the data by punching holes into cards. Hе built one machine to punch the holes and others to tabulate the collected data. Later Hollerith left the Census Bureau and established his own tabulating machine соmрапу. Through a series of merges the company eventually became the IBM Corporation.
Until the middle of the twentieth century machines designed to manipulate punched card data were widely used for business data processing. These early electromechanical data processors were called unit record machines because each punched card contained a unit of data.
In the mid - 1940s electronic computers were developed to perform calculations for military and scientific purposes. Вy the end of the 1960s commercial models of these computers were widely used for both scientific computation and business data processing. Initially these computers accepted their input data from punched cards. Вy the late 1970s punched cards had been almost universally replaced by keyboard terminals. Since that time advances in science have led to the proliferation of com¬puters throughout our society, and the past is but the prologue that gives us a glimpse of the future.

THE FIRST CALCULATING DEVICES 
Let us take a look at the history of computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man's hands. This, in fact, is why today; we still count in tens and multiples of tens. 
Then the abacus was invented. People went on using some form of abacus well into the 16th century, and it is still being used in some parts of the world because it can be understood without knowing how to read. 
During the 17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating. J.Napier, a Scotsman, invented a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, which ,is now the modern slide rule works. Henry Briggs used Napier's ideas to produce logarithm tables which all mathematicians use today. 
Calculus, another branch of mathematics, was independently invented by both Sir Isaak Newton, an Englishman, and Leibnitz, a German mathematician. The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820 as the result of several people's experiments. 
In 1830 Charles Babbage, a gifted English mathematician, proposed. to build a general-purpose problem-solving machine that he called "the analytical engine". This machine, which Babbage showed at the Paris Exhibition in 1855, was an attempt to cut out the human being altogether, except for providing the machine with the necessary facts about the problem to be solved. He never finished this work, but many of his ideas were the basis for building today's computers. 
Bу the early part of the twentieth century electromechanical machines had been developed and were used for business data processing. Dr. Herman Hollerith, a young statistician from the US Census Bureau successfully tabulated the 1890 census. Hollerith invented a means of coding the data by punching holes into cards. Hе built one machine to punch the holes and others to tabulate the collected data. Later Hollerith left the Census Bureau and established his own tabulating machine соmрапу. Through a series of merges the company eventually became the IBM Corporation. 
Until the middle of the twentieth century machines designed to manipulate punched card data were widely used for business data processing. These early electromechanical data processors were called unit record machines because each punched card contained a unit of data. 
In the mid - 1940s electronic computers were developed to perform calculations for military and scientific purposes. Вy the end of the 1960s commercial models of these computers were widely used for both scientific computation and business data processing. Initially these computers accepted their input data from punched cards. Вy the late 1970s punched cards had been almost universally replaced by keyboard terminals. Since that time advances in science have led to the proliferation of com¬puters throughout our society, and the past is but the prologue that gives us a glimpse of the future.

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Результаты (узбекский) 1: [копия]

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FIRST hisoblash ASBOBLAR
, biz bugun bilaman kompyuterlar tarixi bir ko'rib chiqaylik. foydalanish juda birinchi hisoblash qurilma bir odamning qo'li bilan o'n barmoqlari edi. Bu, aslida, nima uchun bugungi kunda; Biz hali ham o'nlab va o'nlab marta hisoblash.
Keyin Abacus ixtiro qilindi. Odamlar yaxshi 16 asr muhit ba'zi shakl yordamida ketdi, va u qanday o'qilishini bilmagan holda tushunish mumkin, chunki u hali ham dunyoning ayrim hududlarida ishlatiladi.
17 va 18-asrlar davomida ko'plab odamlar oson yo'llarini topishga harakat ning hisoblash. J.Napier, bir Scotsman, hozir zamonaviy slide qoida ishlari bo'lgan, urilib va bulish bir mexanik yo'l bormang. Henry Briggs barcha matematiklari bugun. Foydalaning logarifm jadvallarni ishlab chiqarish uchun Napiarin g'oyalarini ishlatiladigan
mustaqil ravishda, har ikki Sir Isaak Nyuton, ingliz va Leibnitz, bir nemis matematigi tomonidan kashf etilgan hisob-kitoblar, matematika boshqa filiali. birinchi haqiqiy hisoblash mashinasi bir necha xalq tajribalar natijasida 1820 yilda paydo bo'ldi.
1830 Charles Babbage, bir iqtidorli English matematigi taklif qiladi. u "tahliliy motor" deb nomlangan bir umumiy-maqsadi muammo-hal mashina qurish. Babbage 1855 yilda Parij ko'rgazmasida namoyish Bu mashina, hal qilish muammosi haqida zarur faktlar bilan mashinadan ta'minlash uchun tashqari, butunlay insonga kesib urinish edi. U bu ishni tugatdi hech qachon, lekin uning g'oyalari ko'pgina bugungi kompyuter qurish uchun asos bo'ldi.
elektromexanik mashinalar ishlab chiqilgan edi va ish ma'lumotlar qayta ishlash uchun foydalanilgan XX asrning qismini Bу. Doktor Herman Hollerith, AQSh Aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosi tomonidan yosh statistik muvaffaqiyatli 1890 sanab tablolanmış. Hollerith kartalari teshik delme ma'lumotlarni kodlash vositasi bormang. Hе to'plangan ma'lumotlarni tekis uchun teshik va boshqalarni musht bir mashina qurilgan. Keyinchalik Hollerith Aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosi chap va o'z tabulyatsiya mashina соmрапу tashkil etildi. Birlashtirish, bir qator kompaniya axir. IBM korporatsiyasi bo'lib
musht karta ma'lumotlarni ishlov berish uchun mo'ljallangan XX asr mashinalari o'rta keng ish Ma'lumotlarni ishlash uchun ishlatilgan qadar. Har bir karta ma'lumotlar birligidan o'z ichiga musht chunki, bu erta elektromexanik ma'lumotlar CPU birlik rekord mashinalari deb atalgan.
o'rtalarida - 1940 elektron kompyuterlar harbiy va ilmiy maqsadlar uchun hisob-kitoblarni amalga oshirish uchun ishlab chiqildi. 1960 yil oxirida Вy bu kompyuterlar tijorat modellari keng, ham ilmiy hisoblash va ish ma'lumotlar qayta ishlash uchun foydalanilgan. Dastlab bu kompyuterlar musht kartalarida yurtning ma'lumotlarni qabul qildi. 1970 musht Вy kartalari deyarli universal klaviatura terminallari bilan almashtirilgan edi. Ilm-fan, deb vaqt yutuqlar jamiyatimiz davomida com¬puters tarqalishi olib, va buyon o'tgan bizga kelajakda bir alomat beradi, azaldan, xolos.

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